ORDER 47. ROSACES. 331 



3 C. arborescens Ell. Unarmed; Ivs. lanceolate, acute at each end, deeply 

 serrate, glabrous above, pubescent in the axles of the veins beneath ; cal. hairy, 

 S3gm. subulate, obtuse, entire ; sty. 5. Fort Argyle, on the Ogeechee R. (Elliott). 

 A tree 20 to 30f high, with spreading branches. Petioles short, with shorter, 

 linear-lanceolate caducous stipules. Segm. of the cal. reflected. Fr. small, red, 

 3" diam. Mar., Apr. 



4 C. apiifdlia MX. Pubescent, thorny ; Ivs. deltoid, truncate at base, deeply 5 to 7- 

 cut-lobed, lobes iucisely toothed at end, petiole slender, often longer than the blade; 

 sep. lanceolate ; sty. 2 or 3 ; fr. small, red. In woods, Va. to Fla. and La. A 

 handsome shrub, 8 to 12f high, with rather short, stout thorns, and largo, white 

 or roseate fls. Lvs. small, broader (10 to 18'') than long, fascicled, numerous. 

 Corymbs 10 to 12 -flowered. Fr. oval, about 3" long. Mar., Apr. 



5 C. Oxycantha L. HAWTHORN-. ENGLISH THORN. Lvs. obovate, obtuse, 3 to 

 5-lobed, serrate, smoothish, shining above, wedge-shaped at base ; corymbs 

 glabrous; sty. 1 to 3; fr. ovoid, small. Hedges, &c., sparingly naturalized. 

 Shrub very branching, 8 to 18f high. Thorns slender, very sharp, axillary. Lvs. 

 1-J to 2' long, nearly as wide, deeply lobed ; petioles to 1' long. Fls. white, 

 varying to roseate. Fr. 2 to 3" diam., usually 1 -seeded, purple. Used for hedges 

 (extensively in Europe). There are several varieties. f 



6 C. coccinea L. "WHITE THORN. Lvs. broadly ovate, acutely serrate, 7 to 9- 

 lobed (lobes shallow), thin and smooth, abrupt at base ; petioles long, slender, and 

 (with the calyx) smooth and subglandular ; sty. 3 to 5. A thorny shrub or small 

 tree, 10 to 20f high, in thickets by streams, <fcc., Can. and U. S. Branches 

 crooked and spreading, branchlets and thorns whitish. Thorns stout, rigid, 

 sharp, a little recurved, about !' long. Lvs. 1 to 2' long, f as wide, lobed, or 

 (rather) coarsely, doubly acuminate-serrate. Petioles very slender, % as long as 

 the lamina. Fls. white, in paniculate, lateral corymbs of about 12. Fr. 5" diam., 

 bright purple, eatable in Sept. Fls. May. 



7 C. cordata Ait. WASHINGTON THORN. Thorny, glabrous and glandless ; Ivs. 

 cordate-ovate, somewhat deltoid, incisely and often deeply 3 to 5-lobed, serrate, 

 with long and slender petioles ; sep. short ; sty. 5 ; fr. small, globous-depressed. 

 Banks and streams, Ya. to Ga., cultivated in the Middle States for hedgerows. 

 Shrub 15 to 20f high, the branches with very sharp and slender thorns 2 to 3' 

 long. Lvs. about 2 by 1J', the upper rather cuneate at base, the others truncate 

 or heart-shaped. Pomes % diam., numerous, red. Jn. $ 



8 C. Crus-galli L. COCK-SPUR THORN. Glabrous ; Ivs. obovate-cuneiform, or ob- 

 lanceolate, tapering to a short petiole, serrate, coriaceous, shining above; spines 

 very long; corymbs glabrous; sep. lanceolate, subserrate; sty. 1 (2 or 3). 

 Hedges and thickets, Can. and U. S. Shrub 10 to 2 Of high, much branched. 

 Thorns 2 to 3' long, straight, sharp and rather slender. Lvs. 1 to 2-J-' long, a 

 third as wide, tapering and entire at base, mostly obtuse at apex; petioles 1 to 

 5" long. Fls. white, fragrant, in corymbs of about 15, on very short, lateral 

 branchlets. Fr. pyriform, dull red, 2 to 3" diam., persistent during winter, unless 

 eaten by birds. Jn. Varies with the Ivs. somewhat oblong or ovaL 



9 C. spathulata MX. Glabrous and glandless ; Ivs. small, coriaceous, shining, 

 oblong-spatulate, attenuated to the subsessile base, crenate above, sometimes lobed ; 

 corymbs numerous, lateral, 20 to 25-flowered; sepals very short; fr. very small, 

 scarlet. Va. to Fla. and Tex. A handsome shrub 10 to 15f high, profusely 

 flowering. Lvs. mostly 1' in length, much inclined to vary, those on the barren 

 shoots much larger, becoming rhomboidal and lobed. Fr. 2 to 3" diam. Spines 

 few and small. Fls. small, white. Apr., May. 



10 C. cestivalis Torr. & Gr. APPLE HAW. Fls. just before the elliptical, repand, 

 short-petioled Ivs., which, when young, are glandular at edge, and clothed with 

 a rusty tomentum, at length glabrous above; corymbs glabrous, 2 to 5-flowered; 

 cal. segm. short, triangular, glandless ; fr. quite large (S to 9"), globular, red. 

 In the edges of ponds and rivers, S. Car. to Fla. and La, (Hale). Tree much 

 branched, 20 to 3 Of high. Fr. ripe in May, juicy, pleasant, flavored, and much 

 used. Fls. in Feb., Mar. (Mespilus restivalis Walt.) 



11C, parviflora Ait. Thorns straight and slender; Ivs. coriaceous, pubescent, 

 cuneate-obovate, subsessile, crenate-serrate ; fls. subsolitary ; cal. with the pedice'Ls 



