ORDER 63. UMBELLIFER^E. 335 



ovate-reniform. 2f Rt. tuberous. Radical If. triternately decompound. 



Involucrate Ivs. solitary, biternately compound. Involucels of 3 to 6 



entire, linear-spatulate bracts. 



E. bulbosa Nutt. A small, early-flowering herb, shady banks, "Western N. T. 

 to Ohio and Mo. Plant 4 to 6' high, from a round tuber deep in tho ground, 

 with 2 to 4 Ivs., the lower one radical, numerously divided, the divisions incisely 

 cleft into narrow segments ; tho upper ones bract-like, similarly divided, each 

 subtending a 3-rayed umbel of white fls, with dark purple or brownish anthers 

 (hence the odd popular name). March, Apr. 



23. EITLOPHUS, Nutt. (Gr. ev, true, /I60o, crest ; application not ap- 

 parent.) Calyx limb 5-toothed, deciduous; petals obovate, emarginate, 

 with a long inflexed point; fruit contracted laterally, somewhat double; 

 carpels surrounded with large vittrc, 4 in the commissure, ribs obsolete ; 

 seed channelled on the inner face. 71 Tall, slender, smooth, with dis- 

 sected Ivs. Invol. nearly 0. Involucel setaceous. Fls. white. 



E. Americana Nutt. Near Columbus, Ohio (Sullivant), to Tenn. St. round, 

 striate, 3 to 4f high. Lvs. biternately divided, the segm. lance-linear, 1' long, 

 acute; upper Ivs. of 3 long, enti ) segm. Umbels long-stalked, 8 or 10-rayed. 

 Fr. as large as caraway. Jl. 



24. CONFUM, L. POISON HEMLOCK. (Gr. Kuveiov, hemlock, from 

 utivog, a top ; because it causes dizziness.) Calyx margin obsolete ; pet- 

 als obcordate, with an acute, inflected point ; fruit ovate, laterally com- 

 pressed ; carpels with 5, acute, equal, undulate -crenulate ribs, lateral 

 ones marginal ; intervals without vite ; seeds with a deep, narrow 

 groove on the face. (g) Poisonous herb^s. Lvs. decompound. Invol. 

 and involucels 3 to 5-leaved, the latter unilateral. Fls. white. 



C. maculatum L. St. spotted ; Ivs. tripinnate ; Ifts. lanceolate, pinnatifid ; fr. 

 smooth. Grows in waste grounds, way-sides. A well known poisonous plant. 

 St. much branched, about 4f high, very smooth, round, hollow, with purplish 

 spots. Tho lower Ivs. are very large, several times pinnate, bright green, on long, 

 sheathing footstalks. Umbels terminal, the invol. of G to 8 lanceolate bracts, tho 

 involucels with the inner half wanting. Fls. small, white. Fr. with undulate or 

 wrinkled ribs. A powerful narcotic, exhaling a disagreeable odor when bruised. 

 Used in medicine. JL, Aug. Eur. 



25. CICITTA, L. WATER HEMLOCK. (A Latin name used by Vir- 

 gil (Eel. 2d and 5th), but of unknown application.) Calyx margin of 5 

 broad segments ; petals obcordate, the points inflected ; fruit subglo- 

 bous, didymous ; carpels with 5 flattish, equal ribs, 2 of them marginal ; 

 intervals filled with single vittse, commissure with 2 vittae ; carpophore 

 2-parted ; seeds terete. If! Aquatic poisonous herbs. Leaves com- 

 pound. Stems hollow. Umbels perfect. Invol. few leaved or 0. In- 

 volucels many leaved. Flowers white. 



1 C. maculata L. St. streaked with purple ; lower Ivs. triternate and quinate ; 

 upper biternate; segments lanceolate, mucronately serrate; umbels terminal and 

 axillary. Common in wet meadows, U. S. and Can. St. 3 6f high, smooth, 

 striate, jointed, hollow, glaucous, branched above. Lfts. or segm. 1 3' long, 

 ' wide, finely serrate, the veins mostly running to the notches, rarely to tho 

 points ; umbels rather numerous, naked, 2 4' broad. Involucels of 5 6 short 

 narrow, acute bracts. Fr. H" diam., 10-ribbed, crowned with the permanent 

 calyx and styles. JL, Aug. The thick, fleshy root is a dangerous poison, but 

 sometimes used in medicine. 



2 C. bulbifera L. Axils of the branches lulbiferous; Ivs. biternately divided; Ifts. 

 linear, with remote, divergent teeth ; umbels terminal and axillary. In wet mea- 

 dows, Penn. to Can. Stem 3 if high, round, striate, hollow, green, branching. 



25 



