ORDER G4. ARALIACE^E. 339 



37. CA^RUM, L. CARAWAY. (From Caria, the native country of 

 the plant, according to Pliny.) Calyx margin obsolete ; petals obo- 

 vate, emarginate, tho point inflexed ; styles dilated at base, spreading; 

 fruit oval, compressed laterally ; carpels 5-ribbed, lateral ribs marginal ; 

 intervals with single vito, commissure with 2. Herbs with dissected 

 Ivs. Umbels perfect. Involucra various. Fls. white. 



C. Carvi L. Lvs. somewhat bipinnatifid, with numerous linear segm. invol. 

 1-leaved or 0; involucels 0.- St. about 2f high, branched, smooth, striate. 

 Lower Ivs. large, on long petioles, with tumid, clasping sheaths. Umbels on 

 long peduncles ; involucrate bracts when present linear-lanceolate. Jn. Culti- 

 vated for its fine aromatic fruit, so well known in domestic economy, i Eur 



38. TREFOCARFUS 2thusa Nutt. Western La. (Hale)! 



39. CYNOSCIADIUM digitatum DC. Western La. (Hale). 



Obx. These plants, of which we have beautiful specimens from Dr. Ilale may perhaps be 



found E. of tho Mississippi. 



ORDER LXIV, ARALIACE^E. ARALIADS. 



Trees, shrubs or herbs closely allied to the Umbellifers in the leaves, inflorescence 

 and flowers, but the styles and cells of the OVARY are usually more than 2 (3 to 5) 

 cells 1-ovuled ; fruit baccate or dry, 3 to 5-celled, with 1 albuminous seed in each 

 cell. 



Genera 22, species 160. They are natives of northern temperate climes of both hemispheres. 

 Several species are well known in medicine, etc., as Ginseu-r, Spikenard. Sarsaparilla, etc. The 

 latter is sometimes substituted for the Sarsaparilla of the shops. 



1. ARA^LIA, L. WILD SARSAPARILLA, ETC. Calyx tube adherent 

 to the ovary, limb short, 5-toothed or entire ; petals 5, spreading, apex 

 net inflexed ; stamens 5, epigynous ; styles and carpels 5 ; berry crowned 

 v;ith the remains of the calyx and styles, mostly 5-celled and 5-seeded. 

 Lvs. compound. Fls. in simple, solitary, or racemous umbels. 



Plants wholly herbaceous and unarmed Nos. 1, 2 



Plants shrubby at base or wholly shrubby, prickly Nos. 8, 4 



1 A. nudicaulis L. Nearly stemless; If. solitary, decompound; scape- naked 

 shorter than the. If., bearing tfie few umbels. 2^ A well-known plant, found in 

 woods, most abundant in rich arid rocky soil. Can. to Car. and Tenn. It Iras a 

 large, fleshy root, from which arise a, leaf-stalk and a scape, but no proper stem. 

 The former is long, supporting a single, large, compound leaf, which is either 

 3-ternate or 3-quinate. Lfts. oval and obovate, acuminate, finely serrate. Tho 

 scape is about a foot high, bearing 3 simple umbels of greenish fls. Jn., Jl. 



2 A. racemosa L. PETTYMOHIIEL, SPIKENARD. St. herbaceous, smooth; Irs. 

 decompound ; umbels numerous, small, arranged in a decompound panicle. % In 

 rocky woods, Can. to the S. States. St. 3 to 4f high, dark green or reddish, 

 arising from a thick, aromatic root. The If. -stalks divide into 3 partitions, each of 

 which bears 3 or 5 large, ovate, serrate Ifts. Umbels numerous, arranged in 

 branching racemes from the axils of the Ivs. or branches. The root is pleasant to 

 the taste, and highly esteemed aa an ingredient in small beer, etc. Jl. 



3 A. hispida L. WILD ELDER. BRISTLY ARALIA. St. shrubby at base, hispid, 

 with prickles, herbaceous above ; Ivs. bipinnate, Ifts. ovate, cut-serrate ; umbels on 

 long ped., forming a terminal corymb. If Common in fields about stumps and 

 stoneheaps, K Eng. to Va. St. 1 to 2f high, the^ower part woody and thickly 

 beset with sharp, stiff bristles, the upper part branching, herbaceous. Lfls. many, 

 ending in a long point, smooth. Umbels many, simple, globous, forming bunches 

 of dark-colored, nauseous berries. Plant ill scented. Jl., Aug. 



4 A. spinosa L. ANGELICA TREE. Arborescent; st. and petioles prickly; Ivs. 

 bi- and tripinnate, Ifts. ovate, acuminate, sessile, glaucous beneath ; umbels nu- 

 merous, forming a very large panicle; invol. small, few-leaved. Damp woods, 

 Penn. and Ohio to Fla. and La. Shrub 8 to 12f high, with tho Ivs. all crowded 



