390 ORDER 65. CORNACEJS. 



near the summit. In the South it attains the height of 20 to 30f, usually -with" 

 out a branch, imitating the form of the palm (as Elliott remarks) more nearly 

 than any other tree. Its leaves are there 4 to 6f in length. Fls. white. Aug. 

 Properties emetic and cathartic. 



2. PA^NAX, L. GINSENG. (Gr. 7rav, all, aitoc;, a remedy ; i. e., a 

 panacea, or universal remedy.) Dioeciously polygamous. $ Calyx 

 adnate to the ovary, limb short, obsoletely 5-toothed ; petals 5 ; stamens 

 5, alternate with the petals ; styles and carpels 2 to 3 ; fruit baccate, 

 2 to 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. $ Calyx limb nearly entire ; petals 

 and stamens 5. Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 3 (in the herbaceous species), 

 palmately compound. Fls. in a solitary, simple umbel. 



3. P. trifolium L. GROUND-NUT. DWARF GINSENG. Rt. globous, tuberous ; Ivs. 



3, verticillate, 3 to 5-foliate, l/ts. wedge-lanceolate, serrate subsessile ; sty. 3 ; ber- 

 ries 3-seeded. Common in low woods. Can. to S. States. The globular root is 

 deep in the ground, nearly ' diam., connected with the stem by a short, screw- 

 like ligament. The st. arises 3 to 6' above tha surface, smooth, slender and 

 simple. At the summit is a whorl of 3 compound Ivs. with a central ped. ter- 

 minating in a little umbel of pure white fls. Lfts. generally 3, nearly or quite 

 smooth. Barren and fertile fls. on different plants, the latter without stamens, 

 succeeded by green berries, the former with a single abortive style. May. 



2 P. quinquefolium L. lit. fusiform ; Ivs. 3, verticillate, 5-foliate ; Ifts. oval, 

 acuminate, serrate, petiolate; ped. of the umbel rather shorter than the common 

 petiole. Not uncommon in rocky or mountainous woods. Can. to S. States. 

 Et. whitish, thick and fleshy. St. round, smooth, If high, with a terminal whorl 

 of 3 compound Ivs. and a C3ntral ped. bearing a simple umbel. Fls. small, yel- 

 lowish, on short pedicels, the barren ones borne on separate plants have larger 

 petals and an entire calyx. Berries bright scarlet. Jn. Aug. The root is in 

 some estimation as a drug. 



3. HED'ERA, L. EUROPEAN IVY. (Celtic hedra, a cord ; from the 

 vine-like habit.) Calyx 5-toothed ; petals 5, dilated at the base ; berry 

 5-soeded, surrounded by the permanent calyx. European shrubby 

 plants, climbing or erect, with simple, evergreen Ivs. and green fis. 



H. Helix L. St. and branches long and flexible, attached to the earth or 

 trees or wall by numerous radicating fibres ; Ivs. dark green, smooth, with white 

 veins, petiolate, lower ones 5-lobed, upper ovato; fls. in numerous umbels, form- 

 ing a corymb; berry black, with a mealy pulp. Native of Britain. There are 

 several varieties in gardens, f 



ORDER LXV. CORNACE^E. CORNELS. 



Trees and shrubs, seldom herbs, without stipules. Leaves opposite (alternate in 

 one species), simple, with pinna! e vcinlets. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals adherent to 

 the ovary, the limb minute, 4-toothed or lobed. Petals 4, disti ct, alternate with 

 the calyx teeth, valvato in the bud. Stamens same number as petals, inserted on 

 the margin of tho cpigynous disk. Ovary 1 or 2 -celled. Fruit a baccate drupe 

 crowned with the calyx. 



Genera {), species 40. They nrf natives throncrhotit tho temperate zone of both continents. 

 The Order is distinguished for its bitter and astringent bark. That of Cornus florida is an ex. 

 cellent tonic similar in its action to the Peruvian bark. Many arc beautiful shrubs in cul- 

 tivation. 



1. COR'NUS, L. DOGWOOD. (Lat. cornu, a horn ; from the hard- 

 ness of the wood of some species.) Calyx limb of 4 minute segments ; 

 petals 4, oblong, sessile; stamens 4; style somewhat clubshaped; 

 drupe baccate, with a 2 or 3-celled nut. Trees, shrubs, or perennial 



