410 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



t Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia terete ANTHEMIS. 60 



t Leaves alternate. Pappus none. Achenia obcompressed ACIIILLEA. 71 



t Leaves opposite. Pappus none ECLIPTA. 38 



Pappus of fringed scales Hds.sm. Eays 5, sm. white. Eur. GALINSOGA. 



Papp. of the disk a single awn of the ray ZINNIA. 48 



u Leaves opposite. Eays yellow. Pappus none POLYMNTA. 39 



u Leaves opposite. Eays yellow. Papp. a 2 or 3-toothed crown CHRYSOGONUM. 40 



u Leaves alternate. Eays whitish, very short, 5 only PAKTIIENIU.M. 48 



Eays yellow. Achenia winged SILPIIIUM. 41 



Achenia wingless BEKL ANDIERA. 42 



v Achenia with erectly hispid awns, or awnless ; never rostrate COREOPSIS. 57 



v Achenia with retrorsely hispid awns, often attenuated above BIPENS. 58 



x Eays white, spreading. Pappus none MAKUTA. 70 



x Eays purple, pendant. Pales sharp, elongated ECHINACEA. 51 



x Eays yellow. Pappus none. Achenia quadrangular EUDBECKIA. 52 



Pappus none. Achenia compressed LEPACHIS. 53 



Pappus of 2 deciduous awns. Ach. wingless HELIANTHUS. 54 



Pappus of 2 persistent teeth. Ach. winged.: .HELIANTHELLA. 55 



Papp. of 2 persistent awns. Ach. broad-winged ACTINOMERIS. 56 



B. SUBORDER, LIGULIFLOIUE. 

 Pappus none, or consisting of little scales, (a) 

 Pappus double (of scales and bristles), or simple and plumous. (b) 

 Pappus composed of capillary bristles, not plurnous. (*) 



* Achenia terete or angular, not flattened, (c) 



* Achenia evidently flattened, (d) 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads paniculate LAMPSANA. 93 



a Flowers yellow. Pappus none. Heads solitary or umbellate APOGON. 99 



a Flowers blue. Pappus of many little scales. Eecept. naked , CICIIOKICM. 100 



Pappus of 5 scales. Eeceptaclc chaffy CATANANCHE. 106 



b Flowers purple. Feathery pappus on a long filiform beak TRAGOPOGON. 104 



b Flowers white. Feathery pappus on a short beak or sessile LEONTODON. 103 



b Flowers yellow. Pappus of many bristles with the scales CYNTIIIA. 102 



Pappus of 5 bristles and 5 scales KRIGIA. 101 



C Flowers whitish or purplish, mostly nodding. Stem leafy NABALUS. 10T 



C Flowers rose-purple, erect. (Stem almost leafless.) LYGODESMIA. Ill " 



C Flowers yellow. Achenia long-beaked. Pappus white TARAXACUM. 109 



Achenia long-beaked. Pappus reddish PYRROPAPPUS. 110 



Achenia not beaked. Pappus dull white or tawny HIERACIUM. 105 



Pappus bright white TROXIMON. 108 



d Achenia contracted into a slender beak. FIs. mostly yellow ^ L ACTUCA. 112 



d Achenia scarcely beaked. Flowers mostly blue MULGEDIUM. 1 13 



Flowers yellow. Papp. silky SONCIIUS. 114 



C. SUBORDER, LABIATIFLOR^E. 

 Head radiate, solitary, nodding in bud. Pappus capillary CIIAPTALIA. 115 



SUBORDER I. T UBTJL IFL O RJ2. 

 TRIBE 1. VERNONIACEJE. 



1. VERNO X NIA, Schreb. IRON WEED. (Named for William Vernon, 

 an English botanist who traveled in America in search of plants.) 

 Flowers all tubular, perfect ; involucre of ovate, imbricated scales, the' 

 inner longest ; receptacle naked ; pappus double, the exterior chaffy, 

 the interior capillary. 2 Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. alternate. Fls. pur- 

 ple (in our species.) 



Scales of the involucre all obtuse and closely approssed No. 1 



Scales of the invol. (usually all) with slender, flexuous points Nos. 2, 8 



with acute or mucronate points ,..Nos. 4, 5, 6 



