ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 445 



3 Z. pauciflonim, with bright yellow flowers is sometimes cultivated. 



49. HELIOP'SIS, Pers. OX-EYE, (Gr. jjfaog, the sun, 6t/u, appear- 

 ance ; flowers radiant like the sun.) Hds. radiate ; involucre imbricate, 

 with ovate, subequal scales ; rays linear, large, ? ; disk ; receptacle 

 chaffy, conical, the pales lanceolate; achenia 4 -sided ; pappus 0. U 

 Lvs. opposite. Hds. large. Fls. yellow. (Helianthus, L.) 



H. l^vis Pers. St. smooth ; Ivs. ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate, petiolate, 3- 

 veined, smooth beneath, upper ones usually lanceolate, lower ones more or less 

 truncate at base. A large, symmetrical plant, in hedges and thickets, U. S. St. 

 angular, striate, di- or trichotomously branched above, 3 to 5f high. Lvs. 2 to 

 6' by 1 to 4', acute, distinctly 3-veined. Branches thickened at the summit, each 

 terminating with a large, solitary, yellow head. Hays lanceolate, broad at baso 

 and obtuse at summit. Jn., Jl. 



ft. GRACILIS. Small and slender; Ivs. scabrous, ovate-lanceolate, acute at 



base. 2f high. (H. gracilis, Nutt.) 



y. SCABRA. St. and Ivs. scabrous and yellowish -green ; Ivs. somewhat deltoid, 

 distinctly truncate at base. 6f high. Common in Ind. (II. scabra, Hook.) 



50. TETRAGONOTHE'CA, Dill. (Gr. re-pa, four; yovv, angle; OriKrj, 

 envelope.) Heads radiate ; involucre double, the outer of 4 leafy bracts 

 united at base, the inner of 8 small scales similar to the chaff of the 

 conical receptacle; achenia smooth, truncate, destitute of pappus. 2 

 Herb clothed with viscid hairs, opposite Ivs., with yellow-flowered, 

 large hds. 



T. helianthoides L. Sandy soils, Va. to Fla. and Ala. A stout, coarse, un- 

 sightly herb, 2f high. Lvs. ovate, sessile, repand-toothed, 3 to 5' long. Hds. 1 

 or few, on long peduncles, the rays spreading nearly 3'. Cor. strongly veined. 

 Apr. Jn. 



51. ECHINATEA, Moench. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER, ((ir. ^ vo ^}( 

 the hedgehog ; from the character of the pales.) Heads radiate ; invo-x 

 lucre, scales in 2 rows ; ray flowers neutral ; disk flowers i receptacle / 

 conic, with rigid, mucronate pales; achenia 4-angled; pappus 0. 2 N 

 Lvs. alternate. Rays purple, pendulous. (Rudbeckia, L., Nutt.) J/ 



1 E. purpurea Mcench. Very rough; lower Ivs. broad-ovate, 5-veined, attenciato 

 at base, remotely toothed ; cauline lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; rays 

 12 to 15, very long, defloxed, bind. Thickets and barrens, W. and S. States. 

 Plant showy, 4f high, branched. Lvs. 4 to 8' long, rough with short, stiff bristles, 

 3-veined. Hds. large, solitary, on long ped. LHsk thickly beset with the slifr) 

 pointed, brown chaff. Rays 2 to 3' long, pendulous, rarely varying to white, 

 f JL Sept. 



2 E. angustifolia DC. St. hispid, subsimple, slender, naked above; Ivs. entire, 

 hispidly pubescent, 3-veined, lower lanceolate, petiolate, upper lance-linear, sessile ; 

 scales in about 2 rows, short; rays 12 to 15, slender, drooping. Prairies and 

 marshes, 111., Mo. to Tex. Plant of a more slender habit than the last, 2 to 3f 

 high. Hds. on long, naked ped. Rays 1 to 2' long, purple, varving to whito. 

 Disk brown. May JJ. 



52. RUDBECKI'A, L. (To the celebrated Olaus RudbecJc, Professor 

 of Botany, at Upsal, Sweden.) Heads radiate ; involucre scales nearly 

 equal, leafy, in a double row, 6 in each ; ray-flowers neutral ; disk per- 

 fect; receptacle conic or columnar, with unarmed pales or chaff; 

 achenia 4-angled ; pappus none, or a lacerate or toothed margin. 2 

 Lvs. alternate. Hds. large. Rays yellow. 



Rays large, drooping. Disk columnar, at least in fruit Nos. 1, 2 



| Kays spreading. Disk dark purple, conical or rounded. (*) 



* Leaves deeply lobed or parted, the upper undivided Nos. 3, 4 



* Leaves undivided. Pales of the disk whitish-downy Nos. 5, 6 



Pales dark purolo as well as the ilowcrs Nos. 1 9 



