ORDER 70. COMPOSITES. 469 



i* 



SUBORDER II. LIGULIFLOK J2. 



98. LAMPSA^NA, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT. (Gr. AaTrrw, to purge; 

 a Lapsana greatly relaxes the body," says Pliny.) Heads radiant, 8 to 

 12-flowered ; involucre cylindrical, angular, scales 8, erect, in one row, 

 with 2 or 3 minute bractlets at base ; receptacle naked ; achenia gla- 

 brous ; pappus 0. Slender, oriental herbs, with small, yellow hds. in 

 paniculate corymbs. 



L. commilnis L. St. branched, panioled, leafy; Ivs. ovate, petiolate, dentate; 

 ped. cylindrical; invol. angular in fruit. Waysides, Can. East (Hook). Near 

 Boston (Oakes). 



99. APO'GON, Ell. (Gr. a, privative, TTOT/WV, beard; as destitute 

 of pappus.) Heads radiant ; involucre scales ovate, acuminate, about 8, 

 in 2 rows ; receptacle naked; achenia glabrous, oval, longitudinally 12- 

 striate ; pappus 0. (D Herbs glabrous and glaucous, branched from the 

 base. Lvs. alternate, lanceolate. Hds. small, yellow. 



A. humilis Ell. S. Car. to Fla. and La. A small, slender, smooth plant, com- 

 mon in sandy soils. Sts. 3 to 12' high, trichotomously branched above. Lvs. 

 varying from lance-linear to linear, and from entire to lyrate-lobed, the radical 

 tapering to a petiole. Hds. few, small, the fls. spreading about 3''. Mar. Jn. 

 (A. lyratum Nutt. A. gracilis DC.) 



100. CICHO'RIUM, Tourn. SUCCORY. (The Egyptian name chi- 

 kouryeh, whence Gr. /a^wp?/, and Eng. succory.} Involucre double, the 

 outer of 5 leafy scales, the inner of about 8 linear ones ; receptacle 

 chaffy ; pappus scaly ; achenia not rostrate, obscurely 5-sided. Orien- 

 tal herbs with bright blue fls., about 20 in a head. 



1 C. intybiis L. Fls. in pairs, axillary, sessile; lower Ivs. nmcinate. 1 Plant 

 2 3f high, with large, showy, sky-blue flowers, in grass fields, by roadsides, com- 

 mon in many localities. Stem round, with few long branches, rough. The upper 

 leaves become cordate acuminate, sessile, inconspicuous, only the radical ones 

 runcinate. The flowers are 1 2' diam., and placed rather remote on the long, 

 nakedish branches. Corollas flat, 5-toothed. The root is used in France as a 

 substitute for coffee. July Sept. Eur. 



2 C. Endivia L. ENDIVE. Ped. axillary, in pairs, one of them elongated 

 and 1-headed, the other very short, about 4-headed ; hds. capitate. A hardy an- 

 nual, esteemed and cultivated for salad. Also a remedy for jaundice, f E. Indies. 



101. KRIG'IA, Schreb. DWARF DANDELION. (To Dr. Daniel Krieg, 

 a German botanist who traveled in this country.) Involucre many- 

 leaved, nearly simple, equal ; receptacle naked ; achenia turbinate, stri- 

 ate, 5-angled ; pappus double, consisting of 5 broad, membranous scales 

 alternating with as many slender, scabrous bristles. CD Acaulescent 

 herbs. Hds. solitary, with 20 to 30 yellow fls. 



1 K. Virgmica Willd. Early radical, Ivs. round-spatulate, subentire, the later 

 Ivs. lance-oblong, angular-toothed, or lyrate-pinniatifid ; heads solitary, on scapes 

 finally longer than the leaves, glabrous. Dry, sandy soils, Can. to Ga. Leaves 

 all radical. Scapes 2 10' high, bearing each a small head of deep yellow flowers. 

 Late flowering specimens show many scapes branched from the base. (K. dicho- 

 toma Nutt.) May Aug. 



2 K. Caroliniana Nutt. Los. lyrate-pinnatifid, with irregular, oval or angular 

 segments, the terminal one roundish and largest, primary Ivs. linear-lanceolate, few- 

 toothed or entire, scapes always simple, solitary at first, finally several 1-flowered. 

 Dry, sandy soils, S. Car. to Fla. and Tex. Scapes 1 to 4' high. Lvs. 1 to 2' 

 long, rosulate. Fls. spreading 4 to 6". Feb. May. 



