470 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE 



102. CYN'THIA, Don. (One of the names of Diana; fancifully ap- 

 plied to this genus.) Involucre nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales ; 

 receptacle flat, alveolate ; pappus double, the outer minute, scaly, inner 

 copious, capillary ; achenia short. 21 Lvs. alternate or all radical, lids, 

 with 15 to 20 yellow flowers. 



1 C. Virgmica Don. St. few-leaved, branched above; Ivs. oval and lance-oval, 

 entire or remotely toothed, rarely sinuate-pinnatifid, the radical on winged petio- 

 les, cauline amplexicaul, entire. In barrens and dry soils, Western N. Y. to 111. 

 smooth and glaucous. St. 1 to 2f high, often dichotomously divided, with 1 to 2 

 clasping leaves at the forks. Radical Ivs. 3 to 5' long. lids, terminal on the 

 bracteate and subumbellate peduncles, with deep yellow flowers. Scales united 

 at oase in a somewhat double series. May Jl. (Krigia, Nutt.) 



2 C. Dandelion DC. Acaulescent ; scapes lea/less, simple, 1-flowered; Ivs. elon- 

 gated, lance-linear, entire or remotely toothed, rarely pinnatifid, the primary Ivs. 

 oblong-spatulate. Low grounds, Md. to Ga. and Tex. Scapes G to 18' high, sev- 

 eral from the same root. Lvs. some of them nearly as long as the scapes, moro 

 generally entire; when pinnatifid, the lobes are 2 or 3 on each side, triangular. 

 A variety in the mountainous districts produces at length a short, decumbent 

 stem. (Hyosiris montana MX. C. lyrata Nutt.) 



103. LEON'TODON, L. AUTUMNAL HAWKBIT. (Gr. Aeon', a lion, 

 vg, a tooth ; in reference to the toothed leaves.) Involucre imbri- 

 cate, the outer scales very short ; receptacle naked ; pappus plumous, 

 persistent on the somewhat rostrate achenia. Acaulescent herbs with 

 yellow fls.,'inany in a head. (Apargia, Willd.) 



L. auttimxialis L. Scape branching; ped. scaly, Ivs. lanceolate, clentate-pinnat- 

 ifld, smoothish. -Common in the eastern parts of N. Eng., grass lands and road- 

 sides. Fls. simulating the dandelion. Rt. large, abrupt, scape round, striate, 

 hollow, decumbent at base, G to 18' high, with a few branches and scattered 

 scales. Lvs. spreading, G' lon<r, with deep, round sinuses, and covered with re- 

 mote hairs. Hds. 1' diam. Jl. Nov. Eur. 



104. TRAGOPO'GON, L. VEGETABLE OYSTER. (Gr. rpdyog^ a goat, 

 m5yo)v, a beard ; in allusion to the tawny, showy pappus.) Involucre 

 simple, of many leaves ; receptacle naked ; pappus plumous, achenia 

 longitudinally striate, contracted into a long, filiform beak. @ Euro- 

 pean herbs, with long, linear, grass-like Ivs. 



T. porrifolius L. Involucre much longer than the corolla ; Ivs. long, linear, 

 undivided, straight; ped. thickened upwards. St. 3 to 4f high. Fls. terminal, 

 solitary, large, bluish purple. Cultivated in gardens for the root, which is long, 

 tapering and nutritious. When properly prepared it has a mild, sweetish taste, 

 which has been compared to that of the oyster. : in W. N. Y. 



105. HIERA'CIUM, Tourn. HAWKWEED. (Gr. lepa!-, a hawk ; sup- 

 posed to strengthen the vision of birds of prey.) Involucre more or 

 less imbricated, ovoid, many -flowered ; scales very unequal ; achenia 

 not rostrate ; pappus a single row of copious, tawny, fragile bristles. 

 2 Lvs. alternate, entire or toothed. 



* Heads 40 to 50-flowerod. Involucre more or less imbricated Nos. 1, 2 



* Heads 12 to 30-llowered. Involucre simple. Achenia contracted at the top Nos. 8, 4 



Achenia not contracted upwards. . .Nos. 5, 6 



1 H. Canadense MX. St. erect, subvillous, leafy, many-flowered ; Ivs. sessile, 

 lanceolate or oblong-ovate, acute, divaricately and acutely dentate, the upper ones 

 somewhat amplexicaul, with an obtuse base; panicles axillary and terminal, 

 corymbous, downy ; invol. strongly imbricated. In open dry or rocky woods, N. 

 Eng. to "Wis. and Can. Stem stout, 1 2f high, more or less pubescent, the pe- 

 duncles downy but not glandular. Leaves somewhat pubescent or hairy. Heads 

 large and showy, yellow Involucre sometimes with a few glandular hairs. Aug. 

 (H. Kalmii Spreng.) 



