ORDER 70. COMPOSITES. 473 



Ivs. largo, irregularly toothed, petioles winged, lower ones oblong-ovate, somewhat 

 hastate or deltoid, upper oblong-lanceolate ; hds. nodding, in small, pedunculate 

 and panicled clusters; invol hairy, of 11 to 14 scales, with 25 to 35 fis. pappus 

 tawny. Fields and thickets, W. States. One of the largest species. St. 5 to 8f 

 high. Lvs. 4 to 12' by 2 to 7', obtuse or acute. Hds. large but not numerous, 

 with brown scales and yellowish Us. Aug. Oct. 



108. TROX'IMON, Nutt. (Gr. rpw^o^, eatable ; applied to this 

 genus with little propriety.) Heads many-flowered; involucre cam- 

 panulate, scales loosely imbricate, lance-ovate, membranous, in 2 to 3 

 rows ; achenia oblong-linear, compressed, glabrous, not rostrate ; pappus 

 setaceous, copious, white. U Lvs. all radical. Scape bearing a single, 

 large, showy hd. with yellow fls. 



T. cuspidatum Ph. Et. fusiform ; Ivs. linear. lanceolate, acuminate, margins 

 tomentous, often undulate ; scales acuminate-cuspidate, erect, smooth, in 2 series, 

 the outer nearly equal to the inner. Prairies, Wise. (Lapham), 111. (Mead.), W. 

 to the Rocky Mts. (Nuttall). Apr. Jn. (T. marginatum Nutt.) 



109. TARAX'ACUM, Desf. DANDELION. (Gr. TapdicriKOf, cathar- 

 tic ; from its medicinal properties.) Involucre double, the outer of 

 small scales much shorter than the inner, appressed row ; receptacle 

 naked ; achenia produced into a long beak crowned with the copious, 

 white, capillary pappus. Acaulescent herbs, with runcinate Ivs. 



T. Dens-leonis Less. Outer scales of the involucre reflexed; Ivs. runcinate, 

 smooth, dentate. It In all open situation, blossoming at all seasons except win- 

 ter. Lvs. all radical, the teeth or lobes bent backwards. After the flower is 

 closed and decayed, the hollow scape rises higher and bears a head of fruit full 

 fledged, the airy, globular form of which is very conspicuous in the tall grass. Tho 

 leaves in Spring furnish an excellent pot herb. Apr. Nov. Eur. (Leontodon 

 Taraxacum L.) (Fig. 324.) 



HO. PYRRHOPAP'PUSjBC. FALSE DANDELION. (Gr. -rrvppog, flame- 

 colored ; Trdmro^ , pappus.) Involucre double, the outer row numerous, 

 loose and spreading ; receptacle naked ; achenia 5-grooved, at length 

 long-beaked, bearing a copious, soft capillary, reddish pappus. (T) and 

 H Hds. solitary on long peduncles, large, with numerous deep yellow 

 fls. (Borkhausia, Ntttt) 



P. Carolinianus DC. St. simple or branched, scape-like ; Ivs. mostly radical, 

 lanceolate, acute, sinuate-toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, some or ah 1 of them often 

 entire. Fields and pastures, very common. Sts. with 1 to 3 small Ivs., 6 to 20' 

 high. Outer scales subulate-filiform, inner linear. Ach. oblong, beak filiform, 

 longer (7'') than the showy pappus. Hds. in flower 18" to 2' broad, turning to 

 the morning sun. Mar. Jl. 



111. LYGODES'MIA, Don. (Gr. Avyo^, a wand, deopos, a bond ; 

 alluding to its slender habit.) Involucre, flowers, &c., as in Nabalus, 

 except that the pappus is very copious, soft, smooth, whitish, and the 

 corollas rose-colored. In habit remarkably different from Nabalus, with 

 linear-subulate Ivs. and erect hds. on long, naked peduncles. (Prenan- 

 thes, Nutt.) 



L. aph^lla DC. St. scape-like, erect, slender, striate, onco or twice forked above; 

 Ivs. nearly all radical, short, linear-filiform. Pine woods, Ga., Fla. (Mettauer.) 

 St. 2f high. Hds. few, cylindrical, the invol. 10" long; cor. showy, exserted 

 about the same length. Eoot Ivs. 6 to 10' long. May. 



112. LACTITCA, Tourn. LETTUCE. (Lat. lac, milk ; from the milky, 

 abundant juice.) Involucre few-flowered, scales imbricated in 2 or 

 more unequal rows ; achenia obcompressed (flattened same way as the 



