514 ORDER 85. LOGANIACE^E. 



ORDER LXXXIV. PEDALIACE^E. PEDALIADS. 



mostly strong-scented and glandular-hirsute. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary, large, monopetalous, didynaraous, 5-merous, irregular. Ovary 1 to 2-celled, 

 of 2 carpels. Style 1. Stigma divided. Fruit becoming 4 or 6-ceIled by the diverg- 

 ing lobes of the 2 placentas. Seeds few or many, large, wingless. 



Genera 14, species 25, natives of tropical America, etc. Some of them have been introduced 

 iuto the United States. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



I. PEDALINEJ3. Fruit drupe-like, fleshy without, produced into a beak ..... MARTTNIA. 1 

 II. 8ESAMEJE. Fruit capsular, dry, dehiscent, never beaked ................. SESAMUM. 2 



1. MARTYFTIA, L. UNICORN PLANT. (In honor of John Martyn, 

 botanical author and professor, Cambridge, Eng., 1760.) Calyx 5-cleft, 

 2 to 3-bracteolate at base ; cor. campanulate, tube gibbous at base, limb 

 5-lobed, unequal ; sta. 5, one rudimentary and sterile, 4 didynamous ; 

 caps, coriaceous, ligneous, 4-celled, 2-valved, each valve terminating in 

 a long, hooked beak. Chiefly southern, branching, viscid-pilous. 

 Lvs. opposite, petiolate, subcordate, roundish. 



1 M. proboscidea Glox. Brandies mostly decumbent ; Iva. cordate, entire, sub- 

 orbicular, villous, upper ones alternate ; fls. on long, axillary peduncles ; beaks 

 much longer than the capsule. A coarse, strong-scented plant, along rivers, fields, 

 etc., S. and W. States. Stem 1 2f long. Leaves paler beneath. Corolla pale, 

 dull yellow, very large, the limb nearly as broad as the leaves, spotted with 

 brownish-purple. Sta. bright yellow, exserted. The curious pods are furnished 

 with an incurved horn (2 when the valves separate) abruptly bent at the end into 

 a very sharp grappling hook. 



2 M. lutea Lindl. With yellow fls. and horns longer than the pod, is some- 

 times cultivated, also M. diandra, with pink Us. spotted with purple, and horna 

 shorter than the pod. 



2. SES'AMUM, L. OIL-SEED. Calyx 5-parted ; corolla campanu- 

 late, 3-cleft, the lower lobes the longest; stamens 4, didynamous; 

 stigma lanceolate ; capsule 2-celled, the cells divided by the inflexec] 

 edges of the valves. (D Of India. Lvs. petiolate, the lower opposite, 

 upper alternate. 



S. Indicum DC. Lvs. lanceolate-ovate, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones un- 

 divided serrate. Native of E. India. Stem erect, about 18' high. Leaves alter- 

 nate, entire. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Corolla pale purple. The seeds 

 yield an excellent oil which will keep several years without injury. It is used 

 in cookery for all the purposes of sweet oil. Five pounds of the seeds yield 

 about one pound of oil. The leaves are emollient, 



ORDER LXXXY. LOGANIACE^E. 



Herbs or shrubs with opposite leaves, with stipules between tho petioles, some- 

 times reduced to an elevated line or ridge. Flowers 4 or 5-parted, monopetalous, 

 regular, aestivation various. Ovary superior, stylo simple, stigmas as many as tho 

 cells of tho ovary. Fruit capsular or baccate, 2-celled, many-seeded, or a 1 to 2- 

 seeded drupe. Seeds albuminous, mostly winged or peltate. (Fig. 221, 302.) 

 Genera 25, species 200, chiefly tropical. 



Properties. Generally poisonous, often possessed of the highest degree of venom. The 

 pervading poisonous principle is ttryehnia, especially abundant and fatal in the seeds of Stryeh- 

 nos Nux-voinica, an East Indian tree, with small, greenish flowers. S. toxifera, of Guiana fur- 

 . Dishes the terrible Woorali, poison for arrows, likewise 8. cogens of Central America, S. Ticute 

 of Java, yields the celebrated Upas. The species of Spigelia, under the name of Pink-root, aro 

 used as a vermifuge, but are dangerous. 



Ob*. This order has been appended to Rubiaceas, but Its free ovary is a decisive mark of di^ 

 -tlaction, although otherwise nearly related. 



