ORDER 88. VERBENACE^E. 537 



f Shrubs, fruit fleshy. Flowers 4-parted, axillary. Drnpe 4-seeded CALLICABPA. 4 



-Flowers 4-parted, axillary. Drupe 2-seeded LANTAN A. 6 



Flowers 4-parted, terminal. Drupe 2-seeded ALOYSIA. 6 



Flowers 5-parted. Seeds 4. Leaves simple CLERODENDRUM. 1 



Seed 1. Leaves compound... VITEX. 8 



1. YERBE r NA, L. VERVAIN. (Celtic fer-fcen, to expel stone ; hence 

 Eng. vervain, Lat. verbena.) Calyx 5-toothed, with one of the teeth 

 often shorter ; corolla funnel-form, limb somewhat unequally 5-lobed ; 

 stamens 4, included, the upper pair sometimes abortive ; drupe splitting 

 into 4, 1-seeded, indehiscent carpels. Herbs or undershrubs. Lvs. op- 

 posite. Fls. sessile, mostly in spikes or hds. 



* Spieate ; the open corollas lateral in slender spikes, (a) 



a Stem simple (mostly) bearing a single spike. Leaves oblonsj Nos. 1, 2 



a Stem branched, with many spikes. Leaves mostly simple ..." Nos. 3 5 



Leaves much divided No.s. 6 8 



* Corymbed ; the open corollas forming a terminal (spike) corymb Nos. 9 11 



1 V. angustifolia MX. Erect, mostly simple ; Ivs. oblong-linear, tapering to the 

 base, remotely serrate, with furrowed veins ; spikes filiform, solitary, axillary and 

 terminal ; cor. blue ; bracts as long as calyx. A small, hairy species found on rocky 

 hills and other dry soils, N. Y. to Va., "W._ to the Miss. St. not more than a foot 

 high, with narrow (2 to 3' by 3 to 5"), rough Ivs. and slender spikes of deep 

 blue fls. Jl. (V. rugosa Willd.) 



2 V. Caroliniana L. Assurgent subsimple, scabrous-puberulent ; Ivs. oblong- 

 obovate, obtuse or bluntly acute, crenate-dentate, sessile ; fls. in a loose terminal 

 spike : cor. large, rose-colored ; bracts minute, half as long as the calyx ; carp. 4, 

 not separating. If Dry soils, S. States, common. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs, 18" to 

 3', varying to oval, and in some specimens decidedly hastate ! often acute. Spike 

 G to 12' long. Fls. showy, 6" long, cal. 2". May Jl. 



3 V. hastata L. COMMON VERVAIN. Erect; Ivs. lanceolate, acuminate, incisely 

 serrate, petiolate, the lower ones lobed or hastate; spikes erect, dense, slender, 

 panicled ; fls. imbricated. 1$. Frequently by roadsides and in low grounds, 

 mostly throughout the U. S. and Can. St. 3 to 6f high, with paniculate, opposite 

 branches above. Lva rough and rugous, 2 to 4' long, variously toothed. Fls. 

 small, blue, arranged in long, close, imbricated spikes which are erect and parallel. 

 Jl. Sept. Eur. (V. paniculata Lam.) Varies with the Ivs. incised or pinnati- 

 iid, and spikes loose^flowered ; evidently hybrids. (Engelm.) 



4 V. urticaefdlia L. Erect, subpubescent ; Ivs. ovate and ovate-lanceolate, serrate, 

 acute, petiolate ; spikes axillary and terminal, loose filiform ; fls. separate ; bracts 

 shorter than the calyx. If About roadsides and rubbish. A weed of uninviting 

 appearance, 2 to 3f high, with Ivs. resembling those of the nettle. It has long, 

 slender, weak, green divergent spikes remotely filled with small, white, distinct 

 flowers. Seeds 4. Jl., Aug. Eur. 



5 V. stricta Vent. MULLEIN-LEAVED VERVAIN. Hirsute and hoary ; st. thick 

 rigidly erect, branched above ; Ivs. oval or obovate, unequally dentate, sessile, acute, 

 rugous; spikes erect, strict, imbricate and dense-flowered. If An erect, rigid, 

 and rather handsome species, in dry fields, "W. States, common. Very hirsute, L 

 to 3f high. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1 to 2', numerous, veiny and whitish beneath. Cor. 

 blue, thrice larger (4''' broad) than in V. hastata. Jl. 



6 V. bractiosa MX. Decumbent, branched, divaricate, very hairy ; Ivs. laciniate, 

 rugous ; spikes terminal, thick, many-flowered ; bracts lance-linear, longer than the 

 Jls., thrice longer than the calyx. 2 Dry fields and roadsides, Mid. "W. and S. 



States. "Whole plant hairy and hoary, 8 to 16' long, remarkable for its squarrous, 

 bracted spikes. Lvs. 1 to 2' long. Fls. small, blue. Jn. Sept. (Zapania, Lam.) 



7 V. spftria L. Assurgent, divaricately branching, hairy ; Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, 3-cleft, 

 laciniately lobed and toothed; spikes slender, loose; bracts a little longer than the 

 calyx. U Conn., Md. to Ga. An unsightly plant, with a square stem, I to 2f 

 high, half erect, di- and trichotomous above. Lvs. attenuate and sub petiolate at 

 base. Spikes 3 to 6' long, dense before flowering, loose after. Cal. I 1 ' long, cor. 

 2", blue. Aug., Sept. Differs from V. ofQcinalis of Europe in its petiolate lvs 

 and longer bracts. 



