ORDER 90. BORRAGINACE^E. 563 



12. ECHINOSPER'MUM, Swartz. BURR-SEED. (Gr. Itfvos, the sea- 

 urchin, arrfc'p/m, seed ; from the character.) Calyx 5-parted ; corolla 

 hypocrateriform, orifice closed with concave scales ; achenia 4, erect, 

 bearing 1 to 3 rows of echinate prickles, smooth between, compressed 

 or angular, fixed to a central column. Herbs with bracted rac. and 

 small, blue fls. 



E. Lappula Lehm. St. branched above; Ivs. lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 hairy ; cor. longer than the calyx, the border erect-spreading ; ach. each with 2 

 rows of hooked prickles on the margin. CD An erect herb, in dry soils, roadsides, 

 K States to Arc. Am. Stem having a dry, grayish aspect, from its dense hairs, 

 about a foot high, undivided except at the top, where it branches into a kind of 

 panicle. Leaves 1' by 1 2", sessile. Flowers very small, blue. Jl. (Roche- 

 lia Rcem. Cynoglossum Scop.) 



13. CYNOGLOS'SUM, Tourn. HOUND'S TONGUE. (Gr. KVUV, a dog, 

 yAtocraa, tongue ; from the form of the long, soft leaves.) Calyx 5- 

 parted ; corolla short, infundibuliform, vaulted ; orifice closed by 5 con- 

 verging, convex scales; achenia covered with echinate prickles, de- 

 pressed, forming a broad, pyramidal fruit, and each fixed laterally to 

 the style. Cor. blue, purple or white. 



Racemes without bracts or nearly so ............................................. Nos. 1, 2 



Eacemes bracted at base, but the pedicels always extra-axillary ...................... No. 3 



1 C. officinalis L. COMMON HOUND'S TONGUE. Silky-pubescent, leafy to the top; 

 root-lvs. lance-oblong, attenuate at base to a petiole, upper sessile or amplexicaul ; 

 rac. bractless, paniculate, not stalked ; nuts margined in front. U Waste grounds, 

 pastures, common. Plant of a dull green color, emitting a disagreeable smell. 

 St erect, hairy, 1 to 2f high. Lvs. with soft down on both sides, entire, 6 to 10' 

 by 1 to 2', tapering into a long, attenuated base, the upper much smaller. Clus- 

 ters terminal, panicled, recurved at the end. Fls. with a downy calyx and a 

 dull red corolla. Cal. leaf-like in fruit. Sds. rough with hooked prickles. Jl. 

 Eur. 



2 C. Virginicum L. IJjrsule-pilous ; Ivs. oblong-oval, acute, upper ones clasp- 

 ing, cordate, all on the lower half of the stem ; corymb terminal, leafless, on a long, 

 naked peduncle. If Inhabiting woods and thickets, Vt. to Va. and 111., rare in N". 

 Eng. A hairy plant, 2f high, simple, bearing at the top of its leafless summit a 

 small, panicled corymb of pale purple flowers. Radical Ivs. 5 to 6' long and half 

 as wide. Cal. and pedicels very hairy. Jn. (C. amplexicaule MX.) 



3 C. Morrisoni DC. BEGGAR-TICKS. St. widely branched ; Ivs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath ; rac. divaricate, dichotomous ; 

 fr. densely covered with prickles, doubly barbed at the point. CD In rocky 

 grounds and rubbish, Can. to Fla. St. furrowed, 2 to 3f high, with many slen- 

 der, remote, wide-spread branchts, each terminating in a centrifugal, racemous 

 inflorescence. Lvs. entire, remote, large (4 to 8' long), tapering to each end, the 

 lower ones petioled. Fls. very smal^ white, the pedicels nodding in fruit. JL 

 (Echinospermum Tirginicum Lehm.) 



ORDER XCI. HYDROPHYLLACEJE. HYDROPHYLLS. 



Herbs mostly, with alternate lobed leaves and regular bluish flowers. Calyx 5- 

 cleft, usually with appendages at the clefts, persistent, free. Corolla 5-lobed, often 

 with 10 honey scales or furrows near the base. Stamens 5, inserted into the cor- 

 olla, with a deeply bifid style. Ovary entire, ovoid, free, 1-celled, with 2 parietal, 

 several-seeded placentae. Fruit 2-valved, filled by the placenta. Seeds reticulated, 

 albuminous. 



Genera 18, species 77, chiefly American. Properties unimportant 



