ORDEB 99. OLEACE^E. 597 







much cultivated. The deliriously fragrant oil of Jasmino of tho shops is extracted 

 from this plant, f Asia. 



ORDER XCIX. OLEACE^E. OLIVES. 



Trees and shrubs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with flowers 4- 

 parted, regular, rarely apetalous, the corolla valvato in the bud. Stamens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than the corolla lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 suspended ovules 

 in each cell, and/ra'< fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Fig. 265. 



Genera 24, species 130,natives of temperate climates. The ash is very abundant in N. Amer- 

 ica. The Phillyreas and the Syringas are all Oriental. 



Properties. Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of tho Olive (Olea Europaea). The bark 

 of this tree, and also of the ash, is bitter, astringent, and febrifugal. Manna, a sweet, gentlo 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of tho Fraxinus, particularly of tho Euro- 

 pean F. Ornus. Tho species of the ash arc well known for their useful timber. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



I. FRAXINE^E. Fruit a dry, winged samara. Leaves pinnate FKAXINUS. 1 



II. SYllINGE^E. Fruit a dry, 2-celled capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-form cyanic SYRINGA. 2 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla Bubcampanulate, yellow FOKSYTHIA, 3 



III. OLEINE^E. Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, stamens included CHIOXANTHUS. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. Fruit a berry LIGUSTRUM. 5 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens exserted (c). 



C Stylo 2-parted. Leaves serrate OSMANTIIUS. 6 



C Style simple. Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) OLEA. T 



Drupe shell papery. Panicles terminal YISIANTA. 8 



IV. FOEESTIEEE^E. Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leaves simple... FORKSTIEKA. 9 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tourn. (Gr. (j>dpfa, a separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dioecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovuled, but 1 -seeded ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnate Ivs. and fls. ra- 

 cemed or panicled. American species are all dioecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated No. 8 



Flowers apetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 11 to 13. Cultivated No. T 



Flowers apetalous, dioecious. Fruit always winged nt apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the terete base of the samara No. 1 



* Calyx persistent at the narrmo, flattened base- of the samara Nos. 2 4 



* Calyx none, the samara naked at tho broad base. Nos. 5, 6 



1 F. Americana L. WHITE Asir. Lfts. 7 to 9, petiolulate, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 



, petioles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yello wish- velvety ; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose ; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower and terete at tho 

 calyculate base, seed portion half as long as wing. Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to 80f high; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. If long, usually oft 

 smooth Ifts., which are 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2J''. Apr., 

 May. (F. acuminata Lam. F. epiptera MX.) Timber light, tough and strong, 

 much used by carriage-makers, &c. 



2 F. pubescens "Walt. RED Asir. Lfts. f to 9, petiolulate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young branches 

 velvety-pubescent; samara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyculate base acute, 

 fiattish, slightly margined by the decurrent wing. Swampy or low grounds, Can. 

 and U. S. t more common in Penn. and Ya. A smaller tree than No. 1, 30 

 to 60f high, but nearly allied to it. Bark deep brown. Lfts. often reddish 



