C32 ORDER 113. ULMACE^E. 



sistcnt, with 6 spreading, colored segments; stamens 3, very short, 

 filaments united at base, anthers didyrnous. $ Calyx as in the ; 

 styles 3, bifid ; capsule 3-celled ; cells 2-valvcd, 1 2-sceded. Herbs 

 or shrubs with alternate, stipulate leaves and minute, axillary flowers, 



P. Carolinensis Walt. (P. obovatus Willd.) St. erect, herbaceous, with alter- 

 nate branches ; Ivs. simple, entire, glabrous, oval and obovate, obtuse, slightly 

 petioled ; fls. few, subsolitary, axillary. A small-leaved, delicate plant, Penn. 

 to 111. and South. Stem 6 10' high, slender, the branches filiform. Leaves of 

 the stem G 8" by 4 5", of the branches twice, and of the branchlets four times 

 smaller. Flowers 1 3 in each axil, the $ with the ? nearly 1" diam., whitish. 

 July, Aug. 



10. PACHYSAN'DRA, MX. (Gr. Tro^r, thick, aw5pa, stamen.) 

 Flowers 8 , apetalous, in bractcate spikes ; calyx 4-parted ; $ stamens 4, 

 filaments distinct, large, subclavatc ; ovary a rudiment ; ? styles 3, re- 

 curved; capsule 3-horned, 3-celled, cells 2-valved, 2 -seeded. i| Herbs 

 procumbent, from long, creeping, rhizomes. Lvs. nearly glabrous, alter- 

 nate, exstipulate. Spikes situated below the Ivs. 



P. procumbens MX. Sts. simple ; Ivs. few, oval, coarsely crenale-toothed, nar- 

 rowed into a slender petiole ; spikes from near the base of the stem, GO -flowered, 

 the fertile below the sterile each subtended by 2 or 3 narrow bracts. Mts. of 

 Va. and E. Tenn. to Ga. Sts. 6 to 9' long. Lvs. 1 to 2', all of them above the 

 few spikes which are about the same length. Mar. May. 



11. BUX'US, L. BOX-WOOD. (The Greek name of this plant was 

 7ri;oc.) Flowers <o, axillary. $ Calyx 3 -leaved, petals 2; sta. 4, with 

 the rudiment of an ovary. $ Cal. 4-sepaled ; pet. 3 ; sty. 3 ; caps. 

 with 3 beaks and 3 cells ; seeds 6. Shrubs and trees. Lvs. evergreen, 

 opposite. 



B. sempervirens L. Lvs. ovate: petioles hairy at edge; anth. ovate, sag- 

 ittate. Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA has narrow, lanceolate leaves. Var. SUFFRDTICOSA, 

 the dwarf box has obovate leaves and a stem scarcely woody, highly esteemed 

 for edgings in gardens. The box with its varieties is native of Europe, and fur- 

 nishes the well-known box-wood so extensively used by engraver.-?, mathematical 

 instrument makers, &c. 



ORDER CXIII. ULMACE^E. ELMWORTS. 



Trees with a colorless juice, alternate, deciduous leaves and stipules, -with the 

 flowers perfect, or abortively polygamous, in looso clusters, never in aments. Calyx 

 subcampanulate, bearing the stamens opposite to its lobes, filaments straight, ovary 

 free, 1 or 2-celled, with two stigmas, forming in fruit a samara or a drupe. Seed 

 suspended, with no albumen and leafy cotyledons. Fig. 46. E. 115, 437. 



Genera 9, species GO, native of the northern temperate zone. 



Properties, Astringent, mucilaginous, innoxious. The mucilaginous bark of the Slippery Elm 

 (Ulmus fulva) is the only important medicinal product. Most of the Elms afford excellent timber. 



I. UL'MUS, L. ELM. (The Latin name, from elm, Teutonic.) Flowers 

 . Calyx campanulate, 4 to 8-clcft ; stamens 4 to 8 ; styles 2 ; ovary 

 compressed forming a flattened samara with a broad membranous bor- 

 der. Trees, rarely shrubs. Lvs. scabrous, often abrupt at base. Fls. 

 fasciculate or racemed, appearing before the Ivs. 



Samara ciliate-fringed with hairs, and on slender pedicels, (a) 



0, Flowers and fruit corymbous-uinbellate. Branches not corky No. 1 



a Flowers and fruit manifestly racemed. Branches corky Nos. 2, 8 



JSamara destitute of a fringe, subscssile or short pediceled Nos. 4 6 



