ORDER 113. ULMACE^E. 633 



1 IT. Americana L. WHITE ELM. (Fig. 437.) Lvs. ovate, acuminate, serrate, 

 often doubly so, unequal at base; fls. pediceled in loose clusters; fr. oval, 

 smooth except the densely ciliate margin, its 2 beaks with points incurved and 

 meeting. U. S. and Can. A majestic tree, usually distinguished by its long pen- 

 dulous branches. The- trunk attains a diameter of 3 to 5f, loosing itself suddenly 

 at top in 2 or more primary branches. These ascend, gradually spreading, and 

 repeatedly dividing ia broad, graceful curves, and affording a good example of the 

 solvent axis ( 174). It is a great favorite as a shade tree, and is frequently seen 

 rearing its stately form and casting its deep shade over the " sweet homes" of N. 

 Eng. April. 



2 IT. racemosa Thomas. CORK ELM. Branchlets downy, often with thick, corky 

 ridges; Ivs. ovate, acuminate, auriculate on one side; fig. in racemes ; pedicels in dis- 

 tinct fascicles, united at their base, fruit ovate, elliptic, ciliate. A tree found in 

 low grounds, Meriden, N. II. to N. Y., and westward. The twigs and branches 

 are remarkably distinguished by their numerous, corky, wing-like excrescences. 

 Leaves 3 4' long, f as wide, produced into a rounded auricle on one side, doubly 

 serrate, smooth above, veins and under surface minutely pubescent. Flowers 

 pedicellate, 2 4 in each of the fascicles which are arranged ia racemes. Calyx 

 7 8-cleft. Stamens 7 1 0. Stigmas recurved. Samara pubescent, the margia 

 doubly fringed. Apr. Much like No. 1, except its inflorescence and bark. 



3 U. alata MX. WINGED ELM. WHAHOO. Branches smooth, here and thero 

 winged with 2 corky ridges ; Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, small, acute, doubly serrate, all 

 slightly unequal at base ; fls. in racemes ; cal. lobes obovate, obtuse ; fruit downy 

 all over, ciliate-fringed on the margin, beaks slender. Common in the S. States. 

 Tree with its branches more regularly cork-winged than in No. 2, its leaves much 

 smaller (18 to 30" long) and subequal at base, the petioles only 1" long. (Fruit 

 misrepresented in Michaux.) 



4 U. fiilva L. SLIPPERY ELM. RED ELM. Branches rough ; Ivs. oblong-ovate, 

 acuminate, nearly equal at base, unequally serrate, pubescent both sides, very 

 rough; buds covered with fulvous down ; fls. sessile; fr. nearly orbicular, scarcely 

 ciliate. Woods and low grounds, N. Eng. to Car. The Slippery Elm is much 

 sought on account of the mucilage in tho inner bark. Its diameter is 1 to 2f 

 and height 20 to 40f. The Ivs. are larger, thicker and rougher than those of tho 

 White Elm, and exhale a pleasant odor. Fls. collected at the ends of the young 

 shoots. Cal. downy, sessile. Stam. short, reddish, 7 in number. Apr. 



5 U. campestris L. ENGLISH ELM. Lvs. (small) ovate, doubly serrate, une- 

 qual at base ; fls. subsessile, densely clustered ; sta. 5 8 ; cal. segments rounded 7 

 ebtuse ; samara suborbicular, the border destitute of a fringe of hairs. From 

 Europe. Introduced and naturalized in the Eastera States to a small extent. It 

 is a majestic tree, 50 7 Of high. The main trunk is usually excurrent ( 173). 

 Branches rigid and thrown off at a large angle, foliage dense. In form it favors 

 the Oak more than our native Elms. Many trees of this kind, in the vicinity of 

 Boston, are particularly remarked in Emerson's Report, pp. 301, 302. 



6 U. montana L. SCOTCH ELM. WYCH ELM. Lvs. (large), obovate, cuspi- 

 date, doubly and coarsely serrate, cuneate and unequal at base, very scabrous 

 above, evenly downy beneath ; fr. suburnbellate, rhombic-oblong ; scarcely cloven, 

 not ciliate. Another European Elm often planted in our parks. It is a large tree, 

 rather resembling our Slippery Elm than the White Elm. 



7 U. crassifolia Nutt. With very small (!' long), thick, oval, obtuse Ivs. 

 grows in W. La., probably not E. of the Miss. It flowers ia Sept. only. (Hale.) 



2. PLA'NERA, Gmel. (In honor of John J. Planer, a German bota- 

 nist.) Flowers monoecious-polygamous ; calyx campanulate, 4 to 5- 

 cleft ; stamens 4 to 5 ; stigmas 2, oblong, diverging ; fruit 1-celled, 

 1-seedcd, wingless, dry, nut-like, indehiscent. Trees with the habit of 

 TJlmus. 



P. aquatica Gmel. Lvs. small, smooth, ovate, acute, serrate, equal at base ; fls. 

 axillary, ia clusters of 2 to 5 ; sig. plumous ; nut rougheaed with scale-like points, 

 River swamps, N. Car. to Ga. A tree 30 to 40f high. Feb., Mar. 



