63 4 ORDER 1 14. ARTOCAKPACEJE. 



3. CELTIS, Tourn. NETTLE TREE. SUGAR-BERRY. (Celtis was 

 tae ancient name for the Lotus.) Flowers monccio-polygainouSo $ 

 Calyx C-parted ; stamens 6 ; $ calyx 5-parted ; stamens 5 ; style 2 ; 

 stigmas subulate, elongated, spreading ; drupe globular, 1-sceded, seed 

 with little albumen. Trees or large shrubs. Lvs. mostly oblique at 

 base. Fls. subsolitary, axillary. 



1 C. occidentalis L. Trees ; Ivs. ovate, subcordate or truncate, acuminate, en- 

 tire and unequal at base, serrate, rough above, and rough-hairy beneath ; pedun- 

 cle longer than the petiole; sep. triangular-ovate, erect; fr. solitary. Tree somo 

 30f high in N. Eng. where it is rarely found, much larger (3 to 5f diam., 50 to 70f 

 high) and more abundant South and West. The trunk has a rough but unbroken 

 "bark, with numerous slender, horizontal branches, forming a wide-spread and 

 dense top. Lvs. with a long acumination, and remarkably unequal at the broad 

 "base. Fls. axillary, solitary, small and white, succeeded by a small, round drupe. 



P. CRASSIFOLIA. Lvs. thick, rough, serrate, cordate, dark green and mottled 

 above. Also a largo tree, tall in woods, wide-spread in open lands. Both 

 are often mistaken for Elms. 



y. INTEGRIFOLIA. Lvs. entire, thin, smooth; bark smooth and unbroken. 

 Banks of the Miss., St. Louis, to KF. Orleans. "We have specimens with most 

 of the Ivs. perfectly entire, some on the same branch with 1 or 2 notches, 

 others notched a fourth of the circuit, &c. (C. Mississippiensis Bosc.) 



2 C. pumila Ph. Shrub; Ivs. broadly ovate, acute or slightly acuminate, partly 

 serrate, smooth on both sides, pubescent only when young ; (Is. solitary ; sep. 

 mostly 6, oblong-linear, as long as the styles, horizontally spreading. A straggling 

 shrub, 3 to lOf high, in hilly districts, Va. to Fla. (Chattahocchee). Flowering at 

 the height of (2f Nutt) 6f. The peculiarity of the flower may perhaps entitle 

 this shrub to the rank of a species. Sep. near 2" long. Drupes glaucous black, 

 sweet Mar. May. 



ORDER CXIV. ARTO CARP ACE M. ARTOCARPS. 



Trees or shrubs with a milky acrid or noxious juice, with large deciduous stipules. 

 Flowers $ ? or , collected into dense heads or aments, naked or with a lobed calyx. 

 Ovary free, 1 (rarely 2)-celled, 1-ovuled, forming fleshy, aggregated fruit (sorosis or 

 jsyconus, 580). Achenium with an erect or pendulous, albuminous seed. Figs. 36, 

 149, 450, 451. 



Genera 31, species 240 ? generally natives of the tropics or nt least of warm climates. They 

 are closely allied to the Nettleworts, differing chiefly in fruit, juice and habit. 



Properties. The juice is almost always deleterious, sometimes in a high degree. It contains 

 caoutchouc. The celebrated Bohon Upas, the most deadly of all poisons, i.s the concrete juice 

 of Antiaris toxicaria of the Indian Archipelago. Its poisonous property is said to be due to the 

 presence of strychnia. Meanwhile the famous cow tree of S. America yields milk which is rich 

 and wholesome. Gum lac is obtained abundantly from Ficas Indica. The renowned Banyan 

 tree is Ficus religiosa. In this order are also found many excellent fruits, fifjsnre. the fruit of 

 Ficus Carica, tfcc. Breadfruit is the compound fruit of Artocarpus; mulberries of Morus 

 nigra. Fustic, a yellow dye, is the wood of M. tinctoria of S. America. 



Flowers inside the excavated receptacle, both kinds together Ficus. 4 



Flowers external, the 2 kinds separate, in two kinds of aments. (*) 



* Calyx none. Fertile flowers in a globular ament. Thorny MACLURA. 3 



* Calyx 4-parted. Fertile ament globular. Style 1 BUOUSSONKTIA. 2 



* Calyx 4-parted, lobes spreading. Fertile aments oblong. Styles 2 Moiius. 1 



1. MO'RUS, Tourn. MULBERRY. (Celtic mor, black ; the color of the 

 fruit.) Flowers rnoncecious or dioecious, the $ in loose catkins ; the 

 <J> in dense spike-like catkins ; calyx 4-parted ; stamens 4 ; styles 2 ; 

 achenium compressed, enclosed within the baccate calyx, the whore 

 spike thus constituting a compound berry (sorosis.) Trees with alter- 

 nate, generally lobed Ivs. Fls. inconspicuous. 



