OC2 ORDER 127. CONIFERS. 



pendulous, subcylindric, with entire, broadly obovate, somewhat 2-lobed scales. 

 Very abundant in. humid and rocky woods, Can. to Car. and Wis. Height 50f. 

 Trunk 1 to 2f diara. at the base, regularly diminishing upwards. Lower branches 

 longest, the others becoming gradually shorter upwards. Lvs. to f ' long, placed 

 on all sides of the branches. Cones small. The timber is useful in the frames of 

 buildings, &c. May. (Pinus, Ait.) 



5 A. nigra MX. BLACK OR DOUBLE SPRUCE. Lvs. 4-cornered, scattered, straight 

 erect ; cones ovoid, pendulous ; scales elliptical-obovate, erosety dentate at the edge, erect. 

 Abounds in the the northern U. S. and Can., where dark, mountain forests, aro 

 often wholly composed of it. It is a large tree, 70 80f high, with a straight 

 trunk and a lofty pyramidal head. The leaves thickly cover the branches, dark 

 green, little more than ' in length. Cones 1 2' long. Timber light, strong, 

 elastic, much used in architecture. That salutary beverage, spruce beer, is made 

 from the young branches. May. (Pinus L.) 



6 A. excelsa DC. NORWAY SPRUCE. Branches pendulous; Ivs. elongated, 

 somewhat 2-ranked ; cones long, cylindrical, pendulous ; scales broad, with a 

 slightly projecting and 2-toothed apex. Parks and shrubberies. A tall stately 

 evergreen with dense and dark green foliage. Lvs. about 1' long, crowded. 

 Cones very showy, and elegant, 5 to 8' long, more than 1' diam. It grows luxu- 

 riantly, and is a finer tree than any of our native species, f N. Eur. 



3. LA'RIX, Tourn. LARCH. TAMARACK. Amcnts scattered all 

 over the brandies, bud-like ; $ anthers 2-celled, cells opening length- 

 wise, with simple pollen grains ; $ cones erect, oval or roundish, scales 

 colored, persistent ; seeds with a proper wing. Lvs. deciduous, acerous, 

 soft, scattered, and in axillary, many-leaved fascicles. 



1 L. Americana MX. Lvs. filiform, very slender ; cones ovoid, inclining upwards 

 even when the branches are pendulous ; scales few, thin and injlexed on the mar- 

 gin; bracts elliptical, often hollowed at the sides, abruptly acuminate with a 

 slender point. A beautiful tree, often seen in shrubberies, and thinly interspersed 

 in forests, Can. to Penn. and Wis. It is remarkably distinguished from the pines 

 by its deciduous leaves, the branches being bare nearly half the year. The tree 

 arises 80 lOOf, with a straight and slender trunk and horizontal branches. 

 Leaves 1 2' long, collected in bunches of 12 20 on the sides of the branches. 

 Cones deep purple, 6 to 10" long. "Wood most valuable being very heavy, strong 

 and durable. Apr., May. 



/?. PENDULA. Branches slender and drooping. A beautiful variety. (P. pen- 

 dula Ait.) 



2 L. Europsea DC. "WHITE LARCH. Lvs. flattish, filiform-linear ; cones ob- 

 long, scales slightly refltxed on the margin. Rarely cultivated. Tree much re- 

 sembling No. 1, of more rapid growth, GO to SOf high. Lvs. 1 to 2' long, cones 

 about 1'. f Eur. 



4. THtTJA, Tourn. ARBOR YIT^E. (Gr. Ovu, to sacrifice ; the 

 wood is fragrant in burning and was used in sacrifice.) Flowers 8 . 



$ In an imbricated ament ; anther cells 4 on each scale-like connectile ; 

 $ flowers in a cone, scales few, each bearing 2 erect ovules at the base 

 inside ; seed winged ; integument membranous ; cotyledons 2. Trees 

 or shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, scale-like, imbricate and apprcssed to the 

 ancipital branchlcts. 



1 T. occidentalis L. Branchlets spreading; Ivs. imbricate in 4 rows, rhom- 

 boid-ovate, tuberculate on the back; cones oblong, the inner scales truncated and gib- 

 bous below the Tip. This tree is often called white cedar, and from its resemblance 

 might easily be mistaken for the Cupressus thyoides. It abounds in the northern 

 U. S. and Can. on the rocky borders of streams and lakes, and in swamps. It 

 has a crooked trunk, rapidly diminishing in size upwards, throwing out branches 

 from base to summit. The evergreen foliage consists of branchlets much more 

 fiat and broad than those of the White Cedar. Cones terminal, consisting of a 

 few long, loose scales. Wood very light, soft and durable. May. 



