Y98 ORDER 156. GRAMIXEJ3. 



"VVis. to Ohio, S. to Miss, and Ala. Upper half of culm naked. Pan. 4 to 6' by 2 

 to 3'. Apr. (South) to Jn. 



11 P. serotina Ehrh. MEADOW REDTOP. FOUL MEADOW. Culm erect, weak, 

 2 to 3f; Ivs. narrowly -linear, flat, 10 to 15'; llgules elongated (2 to 3"), lacerate; 

 pan. (6' to 10' or 12' by 2' to 4'), branches in 5s, flexuous, capillary ; spikeleta 

 all pedicellate (l to 2"), 2, 3, rarely 4-flo\vered; fls. webbed, acute, tawny red 

 at apex, or at length colored throughout. Wet meadows and woods, common in 

 the N. States and Can. Jn. Aug. Varies with the spikelets all 2-flowered and 

 colored, on the diffuse, capillary branches (in woods and swamps), or all 3 or more- 

 flowered, branches suberect. Makes excellent hay. 



12 P. nemoralis L. WOOD SPEAR GRASS. Culm slender, 2 3f; Ivs. narrow- 

 linear, pale green, smooth as well as the sheaths; ligules scarcely any ; pan. 6 10' 

 long, slender, nodding when in fruit, branches capillary, flexuous, in 5s (2s to 5s); 

 fls. very acute; spikelets ovate, about 3-flowered, spreading and at length remote, 

 slightly webbed at base. U A tall thin grass, in wet, open woods, N. Eng. to 

 Wis. and Can. Jn., Jl. 



13 P. trivialis L. ROUGH MEADOW GRASS. Culm sometimes stoloniferous at 

 base, roughish backwards, 2 3f ; Ivs. lance-linear, acute, rough-edged, lower ones 

 very long, cauline as long as tho roughish sheath^ with long, acuminate ligules ; 

 panicle diffuse, expanding, scabrous, branches 4 5 together in half- whorls ; spike- 

 lets oblong-ovato, 2 3-flowered. If N. States. June, July. 



14 P. pratensis L. SPEAR GRASS. JUNE GRASS. Culm terete, smooth, 1 2f; 

 Ivs. carinate, linear, abruptly acute, radical ones very long and numerous, cauline 

 shorter than the veined, smooth sheaths ; lig. short, truncate ; pan. diffuse, branches 

 3 5 together in half-whorls ; spikelets ovate, acute, with about 4, acute flowers ; 

 glumes lanceolate, rather acuminate. If An excellent grass both for hay and 

 pasturage, very abundant. Apr. (South) May (West) Jn. (N"orth.) 



41. BRIZOPY'RUM, Link. (Briza, trupo^ wheat.) Spikelets oo- 

 flowered, compressed, crowded in a spikclike panicle ; glumes herba- 

 ceous, unequal; pales awnless, subcoriaceous, lower compressed, but 

 not carinate, faintly many-veined, acute. Lvs. mostly involute, smooth 

 and rigid. 



1 B. spicatum Hook. Culm branched at base, erect 1 to 2f ; cauline Ivs. nu- 

 merous, 3 to 6' long; sheaths longer than the joints, close, upper ones hairy at 

 throat; spike-like pan. oval, yellowish, consisting of short, fasciculate branches 

 with sessile spikelets ; spkl. oblong, 5 to 9-flowered ; fls. triandrous. Salt marshes, 

 N. Y. to Car. Jl. (Uniola ed. 2. Poa Michauxii Kunth.) 



42. GLYCE'RIA, Brown. MANNA GRASS. (Gr. yhvicvg, sweet, on 

 account of the sweet taste of the grains.) Spikelets many-flowered, 

 teretish or turgid, rachis jointed ; glumes subequal, pointless ; pales 

 awnless, webless, herbaceous, the lower usually 7-veined, rounded on 

 the back (not carinate) ; stigmas doubly plumous ; ovary smooth, grain 

 free. 2 Smooth grasses from creeping rhizomes in wet places, with 

 simple panicles. Sheaths mostly fistular (not split). 



| Salt marsh Grasses. Lower pale 5-veined. Stigmas sessile, simply plumed Nos. 9, 10 



| In fresh swamps, &c. Lower pale 7-veiued. Stigmas doubly plumous. (a) 



a Spikelets linear-lanceolate, in a very simple panicle Nos. 1, 2 



a Spikelets linear-oblong, in compound, spreading panicles Nos. 8, 4 



a Spikelets ovate, short, turgid, in slender, appressed panicles Nos. 5, 6 



in an open, recurved panicle Nos. 7, 8 



1 G. fluitans Brown. Culm compressed or ancipitous, ascending at base, 3 5f ; 

 Ivs. lance-linear, smooth beneath, about a foot long; sheaths veined, smooth, 

 with a very large stipule ; panicle secund, long, slender, slightly branched ; spike- 

 lets 8 to 10" long, linear, appressed, 7 to 11-flowered; fls. obtuse; lower pale 7- 

 veined, denticulate. H Swales, &c. Can., N. States to La* Jn., JL (Festuca 

 fluitans, L.) 



2 G. acutifldra Torr. Culm somewhat compressed, 1 2f ; Irs. narrow, atten- 



