NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 205 



wolves. He estimated that in May, 1917, there were 103 

 adult wolves in New Mexico and 45 in July, 1918. "In 1927 

 he said that they were practically eliminated from New Mexico 

 and that he was then concerned only with reinfestation from 

 Mexico." Thus it appears that continued and skillful effort 

 will at length succeed in exterminating even these wily animals, 

 but that with their tendency to range wide and far, there is a 

 constant opportunity for new individuals to come in from 

 outside. 



NEWFOUNDLAND WOLF 



CANIS LUPUS BEOTHUCUS G. M. Allen and T. Barbour 



Cam's lupus beothucus G. M. Allen and T. Barbour, Journ. Mamm., vol. 18, p. 230, 



May, 1937 ("Newfoundland"). 

 FIG.: Allen and Barbour, 1937, p. 231, fig. (upper carnassial). 



In the Newfoundland wolf the skull is relatively slender, 

 and the nasal bones are long in contrast to the short ascending 

 branches of the premaxillaries ; the upper carnassial is char- 

 acteristic in its shortness and in the size and sharp inward turn 

 of the anterointernal cusp in contrast to the condition in other 

 wolves. The color is white, but occasional black individuals 

 are said to have been known. The largest of four skulls 

 measured in greatest length, 276 mm.; outer length of nasals, 

 103; tip of nasal to point of premaxillary, 47; length of upper 

 carnassial, 25.5; length of first lower molar, 28.7. 



In the large size and slender proportions of the skull, as well 

 as in its white coat, this wolf resembled the white Arctic wolf. 

 At the present time it is apparently extinct in Newfoundland, 

 where in former days it followed the herds of Newfoundland 

 caribou. Bonnycastle in 1842 spoke of it as large in size and 

 as frequently seen in the neighborhood of St. John's. On 

 account of its depredations against young cattle, a bounty was 

 declared on wolves. A writer in Forest and Stream (vol. 4, p. 

 390) in 1875 spoke of these wolves as then common in the 

 island, often prowling near the houses of settlers or seen near 

 settlements in chase. In winter when the caribou were feeding 

 in the bogs, the wolves cooperated in hunting them. While 

 some lay in wait along the border of coniferous trees, others 

 went around to windward, when the caribou, scenting them, 

 turned and ran directly into the ambush. The same writer 

 mentions an instance where a Micmac Indian in April, 1866, 



