NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 213 



of occasional wolves being seen from 1875 to '80, but the first 

 real proof I can give is that in 1880 I bought the skin of a 

 freshly killed wolf, taken at Union River. The one who 

 brought it said it had a mate, and they had been heard at 

 times for several years in that vicinity." A few later reports 

 of wolves or their tracks seen in northern Maine bordering 

 New Brunswick may have been authentic, but evidently they 

 were practically gone by that time, not only from Maine but 

 from New Brunswick as well. Indeed, Chamberlain (1884) 

 writes that although common until about 1860 in the latter 

 region they had since "entirely disappeared." 



In the wilder regions of the Adirondacks of New York, 

 wolves in small numbers continued till a much later time. 

 Miller (1899) has published a table showing by counties the 

 bounties paid on wolves by New York State, incorporating 

 and continuing the earlier one of Merriam (1882). From this 

 it appears that between 1871, when a bounty was declared, and 

 1897, no less than 98 wolves were killed on which a total of 

 $2,910 in bounties was paid. Further, in the decade preceding 

 1880, six was the most killed in any year, but 12 were brought 

 in in 1881 and no less than $1 in 1882! In 1883 nine were 

 killed, in the next three years two in each, one in 1887, and 

 two in 1888. Thereafter appears a blank in the record, and 

 some have believed the animal was then extinct in New York, 

 but in each of the years 1895, 1896, 1897, bounties were paid 

 on six wolves! One can not help the thought that something 

 is strange about this. Of the 98 wolves on which the State paid 

 bounties between 1871 and 1897, 45 or nearly half came from 

 St. Lawrence County, which borders the river of that name, 

 suggesting that there may have been occasional immigrants 

 from the Ontario side. For the Toronto region, however, 

 Fleming, in 1913, writes as if they had long since been extinct 

 and states that "according to the late Dr. Brodie, wolves 

 occasionally drove deer into Markham as late as 1840." 



The status of the wolf in Pennsylvania and New Jersey has 

 been carefully investigated by S. N. Rhoads, and the results 

 of his search for records are summarized in his book on the 

 "Mammals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey" (1903). From 

 the latter State they were so early extirpated that little record 

 remains to indicate for how long they were present there, but 

 perhaps till early in the nineteenth century. Pennsylvania, 



