216 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



ful but with the settling of the country a century ago were 

 soon reduced to innocuous numbers, and in Ohio had become 

 very rare by 1838 and "nearly extinct" a decade later. Audu- 

 bon, while living at Henderson, Ky., early in the second decade 

 of that period found black wolves abundant. He recounts that 

 one morning he found a black wolf in one of his wild-turkey 

 pens and shot it in the act of devouring one of the birds of 

 which it had already killed several. Whether these wolves 

 were of the timber wolf type or the red wolf type is indetermi- 

 nable. In Tennessee wolves were exterminated many years 

 ago (Kellogg, 1939), and but few records exist. Merriam in 

 1887 found that a few still were present in the Smoky Moun- 

 tains and in middle Tennessee they were reported as occasion- 

 ally found in Van Buren County. Late records of wolves 

 killed, Kellogg gives as: A female and her pups at Waynesboro, 

 about 1917; and one in 1919 on North Fork River, Cumberland 

 County. In western Tennessee the last available record is 

 given as about December 10, 1895, when two were killed near 

 Brownsville, Haywood County. 



In the region to the southward of South Carolina and Ten- 

 nessee, the black race of the red wolf is believed to be the form 

 found. 



At the present time the timber wolf is still to be found in 

 limited numbers in eastern Canada, as in the less settled por- 

 tions of Quebec along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence, where near Matamek I was shown in 1929 the skin of a 

 large one killed the winter before. Doubtless there are many 

 more between the Gulf and James Bay. At least until recent 

 years, wolves were present in the Algonquin National Park, 

 while farther to the west, in Quetico National Park, along the 

 international boundary from Lake of the Woods to the western 

 end of Lake Superior, and in the adjacent Superior National 

 Forest contiguous with it on the United States side in north- 

 eastern Minnesota, Cahn (1937) writes that "wolves are still 

 common" and cross back and forth freely between the two areas. 

 Here numerous and spasmodic drives have been made to rid 

 the area of these predators but have resulted mainly "in the 

 killing of about everything except wolves, which usually elude 

 most cleverly the clumsy efforts to trap them. Late in fall 

 their call is to be heard frequently all over the Quetico, but in 

 all my travels I have seen but 2 live wolves Their 



