EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



ally killed was about 1908, some 10 miles north of Fargo. 

 Later accounts of what may very likely have been wolves in 

 this region point to its survival there perhaps as late as 1918. 

 In peninsular Florida, wolves were present in the Everglades, 

 according to Cory (1896), up to the middle nineties. Miller in 

 his original description of the race makes as the type a specimen 

 obtained by the U. S. National Museum on the St. Johns 

 River, August 12, 1890. This and a skull taken by Dr. Henry 

 Bryant many years before, and now in the Museum of Com- 

 parative Zoology, seem to be the only extant specimens from 

 the State. In Bradford County they were reported up to 1895 

 (V. Bailey, 1907). 



A. H. Ho well, writing in 1921, says that in former times 

 wolves probably ranged over the entire State of Alabama, but 

 are now on the verge of extinction. In Bartram's time, late in 

 the eighteenth century, they were common, roaming the moun- 

 tainous areas in small packs and preying considerably on the 

 smaller domestic animals, sheep, goats, pigs, and sometimes 

 calves. On the Gulf coast, "strangely enough, in the big 

 swamp country in Baldwin and Mobile counties, where deer are 

 still numerous, wolves were apparently exterminated many 

 years ago; the last one of which there is record was reported 

 killed near Carlton about 1894." During the second decade 

 of the present century wolves were still present in small num- 

 bers in northwestern Alabama in the "rough, hilly country 

 stretching from Walker County northwestward to Colbert 

 County." Here three or four were killed in 1912 near South 

 Lowell, while in 1915 wolves were destructive to stock in west- 

 ern Cullman County, afterward moving westward into Winston 

 and Marion Counties, killing "thousands of dollars' worth of 

 sheep and goats" and some calves. In 1917, a wolf was killed 

 in Colbert County and is described by Ho well in some detail. 

 It is the latest record mentioned by him. Goldman says of 

 this specimen that it is somewhat intermediate between typical 

 floridanus and gregoryi, but in its heavy dentition is nearer the 

 former. 



There is some evidence that this small type of wolf formerly 

 ranged northward into Tennessee. Kellogg (1939) refers to the 

 race floridanus a right mandible excavated from an Indian 

 mound near Citico Creek, Hamilton County, and thinks it 

 quite likely that this form ranged over southeastern Tennessee 



