396 EXTINCT AND VANISHING MAMMALS 



skins at any price" thus increasing the greed of the "chinchil- 

 lero," or professional native hunter, who redoubles his efforts. 

 The relentless and systematic methods of destruction by the 

 latter are recounted and the difficulties of exercising any effec- 

 tive control by governmental agencies. Bidlingmaier suggests 

 that perhaps the most feasible way would be to enact "stringent 

 laws especially aimed at the traffic in contraband skins." 

 Some attempts have been made to breed these animals in 

 Chile, as in the vicinity of Vallemar and Copiapo, where their 

 natural food plants are available, especially the "algarrobilla," 

 but so far "nothing of great value has been revealed . . . 

 Today there remain only five licensed criaderos (breeding 

 farms), two of which are now presumed to be working in 

 conjunction with a syndicate from the United States." 



Order CARNIVORA: Dogs, Cats, and Their Relatives 



The families of carnivores are discussed on page 134. Four 

 groups occur in South America, the cats, the dogs, the raccoons 

 and their relatives, and the bears. The bears occur only in the 

 Andean Mountains, while the raccoon family developed in this 

 continent. The bear and the Falkland fox, or wolf, are the 

 only carnivores considered in this section. J. E. H. 



Family URSIDAE: Bears 



SPECTACLED BEAR; "HUCAMARI" 



TREMARCTOS ORNATUS ORNATUS (F. Cuvier) 



[Ursus] ornatus F. Cuvier, in E. Geoffrey and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammiferes, 



vol. 3, pt. 50, p. 2 and pi, June, 1825 (Cordillera of Chile). 

 SYNONYM: Ursus frugilegus Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, pp. 11, 90, 1844 (Peru, probably 



near Lima). 



NORTHERN SPECTACLED BEAR 

 TREMARCTOS ORNATUS MAJORI Thomas 



Tremardos ornatus majori Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 216, 1902 

 ("Southern Ecuador, probably the province of Azuay"). 



SYNONYMS: Ursus ornatus thomasi Hornaday, Bull. New York Zool. Soc., no. 45, p. 

 748, 1911 ("Andes of southern Colombia"); Tremarctos lasallei Maria, Bol. Soc. 

 Colombiana Cien. Nat., vol. 13, no. 76, p. 115, Aug. 1924 ("Arauca, Boyaca 

 Province, Colombia"). 



FIGS.: Geoffroy and Cuvier, 1825, pi. 50; Hornaday, 1911, pp. 747-748, 4 figs, (photo- 

 graphs). 



