Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 29 



Alchemilla vulg-aris, C. Bauhin. 



Europe, West-Asia, Arctic North- America, Alpine Australia; 

 extending in Norway to 71 10' N. [Schuebeler]. This perennial 

 herb is important for moist dairy-pastures. The same can be said 

 of other congeners ; for instance, A. alpina (L.) from the coldest 

 parts of Europe, North- Asia and North- America ; A. Capensis 

 (Thunberg) and A. elongata (Ecklon and Zeyher) of South- Africa, 

 some Abyssinian species, as well as A. pinnata (Ruiz and Pavon) 

 and other congeners of the Andes. 



Allium rubellum, Bieberstein. (A leptophyllum, Wallich). 



The Himalayan Onion. Captain Pogson regards the bulbs as 

 sudorific ; they are of stronger pungency than ordinary onions ; 

 the leaves form a good condiment. 



Allium sativum, C. Bauhin. 



The Garlic. Soongarei and in the farthest N.W. of India, as 

 shown by Dr. von Regel ; but cultivated already in ancient Egypt 

 [Dr. Schweinf urth] . Nearest allied to A. Scorodoprasum. The 

 " Allium " of Plinius. 



Allium Schoenoprasum, Linne. 



The Chives. Europe, Northern Asia and North America. Cul- 

 tivated in Norway to latitude 70 22 ; [Schuebeler]. Available for 

 salads and condiments. This species of Allium seems here not yet 

 so generally adopted in our culinary cultivation as other congeners, 



Allium Scorodoprasum, Linne. 



The Sand-Leek. Europe and North-Africa. Resembles in some 

 respects Garlic, in others Shallot. The Scorodoprason of Diosco- 

 rides according to Fraas seems A. descendens (Linne) indigenous 

 to South-Europe. 



Alnus acuminata, Humboldt. 



From Mexico to Chili ; particularly at subalpine elevations. 

 There among the best of timber- trees [Prof. Sodiro]. 



Alnus glutinosa, Gaertner. 



The Common Alder. Throughout Europe and extra-tropical 

 Asia; indigenous to 64 10' N. lat. in Norway [Schuebeler]. 

 Reaches a height of 90 feet ; attaining even in lat. 61' 47' a stem- 

 diameter of 10 feet. Easily clipped, when young, into hedges ; well 

 adapted for river banks : recommended by Wessely for wet valleys 

 in coast-sand ; wood soft and light, turning red, furnishing one of the 

 best charcoals for gunpowder ; it is also durable under water, and 

 adapted for turners' and joiners' work ; the wood is also well 



