82 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Caesalpinia sepiaria, Roxburgh. 



Southern Asia, east to Japan. There often utilized as a hedge- 

 bush. It can advantageously be mixed for hedge-growth with 

 Pterolobium lacerans (R. Br.), according to Dr. Cleghorn. It 

 furnishes a red dye-wood. 



Caesalpinia tinctoria, Humboldt. 

 Chili. The bark yields a red dye. 



Caesalpinia vesicaria. Linne. (C. bijuga, Swartz.) 



West-Indies, on dry savannas and limestone-rocks. This tree 

 furnishes part of the red Fernambuc-wood of commerce, for dye- 

 purposes and select implements. 



Cajanus Zndicus, Sprengel.* 



The Catjang ; in Assam called Geeloa-mah, often also Arhar. A 

 shrubby plant of tropical Africa and perhaps Asia, but ascending 

 to 6,000 feet in the extra- tropical latitudes of the Himalayas. One 

 of the up-land varieties will endure a few degrees of frost [C. B. 

 Clarke]. In Jamaica it is cultivated up to 4,000 feet according to 

 Mr. W. Fawcett. On the Richmond River in New South Wales it 

 attains a height of 6 feet. It sustains itself on dry ground, and 

 yields the pulse known as Dhal, Urhur and Congo-pea. The plant 

 lasts for about three years, attains a height of 15 feet, and has 

 yielded in the richest soil of Egypt 4,000 Ibs. of peas to the acre. 

 A crop is obtained in the first year. The seeds can be used as peas 

 in the green state as well as when ripe. Two varieties exist, C. 

 flavus, a much smaller plant, yielding less but ripening in 3 or 4 

 months, and C. bicolor, larger and more prolific, but requiring 

 sometimes 9 months to ripen [Dr. Gr. Watt]. Even more utilized 

 in India than Phaseolus radiatus and Cicer arietinum. Some of 

 the tribes of Central Africa use the stem of this shrub in friction 

 with reeds, to strike fire, according to Speke. Several species of 

 Cajanus of the Atylosia-section, partly indigenous to the warmer 

 tracts of Australia, might be tested for the sake of the economic 

 value of their seeds. The insect, active in the formation of Lac, 

 lives extensively on the Cajanus, according to Mr. T. D. Brewster, 

 of Assam. Silkworms also live on it. 



Cakile maritima, Scopoli. 



Europe, North -Africa, North- and South-America, extra- tropical 

 Australia. Not unimportant for aiding to cover drift-sand any- 

 where on low sea-shores ; not hurt by the spray. Regarded as 

 antiscorbutic. In Norway hardy to lat. 71 7' (Schuebeler). 



Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauvois. 



North -America, extending over the greater portion of the terri- 

 , tory on wet ground. Tall and perennial, encouraged rather than 



cultivated as a nutritious meadow-grass. Much cut on the praries, 



yielding a heavy crop of hay [Sereno Watson]. 



