D2 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Carludovica palmata, Ruiz and Pa von. 



Central America, up to over 3,000 feet. Methodically cultivated 

 for the sake of its fan-like leaves, which furnish the material for 

 Panama-hats. Holds a cultural position as far south as Moreton- 

 Bay (Fr. Turner). 



Carpinus Americana, Michaux. 



The Water-Beech or Ironwood of North-America, thriving best 

 on the margins of streams. The wood is fine-grained, tough and 

 compact, used for cogs of wheels and any purpose, where extreme 

 hardness is required, such as yokes [Bobb]. It is often speckled 

 and somewhat curled, thus fitted for superior furniture [Sim- 

 monds]. C. Caroliniana (Walter) is the oldest name. Very closely 

 allied to the following. 



Carpinus Betulus. Linne. 



The Hornbeam. Middle and Southern Europe and Western Asia. 

 A tree to 80 feet high. Wood pale, of a horny toughness and hard- 

 ness, close-grained but not elastic. It is used for wheel-wrights' 

 work, for cogs in machinery and for turnery [Laslett], also for a 

 variety of implements, for wooden shoes, and particularly for hat- 

 blocks, also for walking-sticks. It furnishes a good coal for gun- 

 powder. The inner bark serves for a yellow dye. This tree would 

 tend to arrest the progress of bush-fires, if planted in copses or 

 hedges, like willows and poplars, around forest-plantations. In 

 Norway it is hardy to lat. 63 26' [Schuebeler]. Four species 

 occur in Japan : C. cordata, C. erosa, C. laxiflora and C. Japonica 

 (Blume). Carpinus viminea (Wallich) is a species with durable 

 wood from the middle regions of Nepal. 



Carthamus tinctorius, Linne. 



From Egypt to India. The Samower. In Norway grown to lat- 

 70 22' North. A tall, annual, rather handsome herb. The florets 

 produce yellow, rosy, ponceau and other red shades of dye, according 

 to various admixtures. Pigment-principles : carthamin and car- 

 thamus-yellow. For domestic purposes it yields a dye ready at 

 hand from any garden. In India the Carthamus is also cultivated 

 for the sake of the oil, which can be pressed from the seeds. 

 Poultry fatten on the seeds. 



Carum Ajowan, Bentham. (C. Copticum, Bentham.) 



From the countries around the Mediterranean Sea to India. The 

 fruits of this annual herb form an excellent culinary condiment 

 with the flavor of thyme. Its peculiar oil is accompanied by cymol 

 and thymol. 



