Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 9& 



Caruxn Bulbocastanum, Koch. (Apium Bulbocastanum, Caruel ; Bulbo- 

 castanum Linnaei, Schur.) 



Middle and South-Europe, North-Africa, Middle Asia, on lime- 

 stone soil, extending in Cashmere to 9,000 feet elevation. The 

 tuberous roots and also the leaves serve as a culinary vegetable, 

 the fruits as a condiment. 



Carum Capense, Sonder. 



South- Africa, where the edible, somewhat aromatic root is called 

 Fenkelwortel. 



Caruxn Carui, Lirme. (Apium Carui, Crantz.) 



The Caraway-Plant. Perennial. Europe, Northern and Middle 

 Asia. Extends in Norway to lat. 71 7 / . A wholesome adjunct, if 

 interspersed among the herbs of sheep-pastures. It might be 

 naturalised even on our alps, and also along the sea-shores. The 

 Caraway-oil is accompanied by two chemical principles : carven 

 and carvol. Among the many purposes for which it is employed 

 is that of entering into the scents of soaps and cheap essences of 

 perfumery [Piesse] ; still more used in the preparation of some 

 liqueurs. The seeds will keep three years [Yilmorm]. On rich 

 soil, in Essex, as much as 20 cwt. seeds on an acre have been pro- 

 duced [Gr. Don]. Boyle mentions two varieties or allied plants 

 from Upper India. 



Carum ferulifolium, Koch. (Bunium ferulifolium, Desfontaines.) 



A perennial herb of the Mediterranean regions. The small 

 tubers are edible. 



Carum C-airdneri, Bentham. 



Western North -America, particularly in the Sierra Nevada. A 

 biennial herb, the tuberous root of which furnishes an article of 

 food as well as the root of the allied Californian C. Kelloggii (A. 

 Gray). Greyer probably had this plant in view, when he mentions 

 the tubers of an umbelliferous plant, which are among the dainty 

 dishes of the nomadic Oregon-natives. The truly delicious root 

 bursts on being boiled, showing its snowy white farinaceous sub- 

 stance, which has a sweet cream-like taste, and somewhat the 

 aroma of parsley-leaves [Lindley] . 



Carum incr assatuxn, Boissier. (Bulbocastanum incrassatum, Lange.) 



The " Talmuda." Spain, Morocco, Algier. This herb produces 

 fair-sized tubers, which are tender and floury, and consumed by the 

 aboriginal Algerians either raw or roasted or boiled. Prof. Naudin 

 thinks, that these tubers could be so improved by cultivation as to 

 become available as a table-esculent. 



