Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 95 



Wood very tough ; the heart- wood reddish or dark-colored ; much 

 used for axle-trees and axe-handles, and particularly for wooden 

 shoes. Bate of stem-growth in Nebraska, 38 inches circumference 

 in 24 years [Nuttall]. 



Carya microcarpa, Nuttall. 



The BalsanT-Hickory. Eastern North -America. A fine lofty 

 tree, attaining a height of 80 feet, with a stem 2 feet in diameter. 

 The wood is pale and tough, and possessed of most of the good 

 qualities of C. tomentosa, to which this species is also in other 

 respects allied. Also very closely related to C. alba. The nut is 

 of pleasant taste, but small [Nuttall]. 



Carya oliviformis, Nuttall.* 



The Paean or Pecannut-Tree of Eastern North -America, extend- 

 ing to Texas. A handsome tree, reaching 70 feet in height, with a 

 straight trunk. The most rapid growing of all the hickories. It 

 needs deep rich soil of valleys [B. E. Fernow]. Its wood is coarse- 

 grained, heavy and compact, possessing great tenacity ; in strength 

 and elasticity it surpasses even that of the White Ash [Harrison]. 

 The nuts are usually abundant, and the most delicious of all walnuts ; 

 they form an article of considerable commerce in the Southern 

 States. Texas annually exports nuts to the value of over 10,000 

 [Dr. C. Mohr]. The tree matures fruits as far north as Philadel- 

 phia. It commences to bear in about ten years. The fresh nuts 

 should be packed in dry moss or sand into casks for distant 

 sowings. The kernel is extremely oily, thus the fruit does not keep 

 so well as the ordinary walnut. Although the wood of all the 

 hickories is not well adapted for building purposes, as it is subject 

 to the attacks of insects and soon decays if exposed to the weather, 

 yet its great strength and elasticity render it extremely useful for 

 implements, articles of furniture, hoops and many minor purposes, 

 besides supplying locally the very best of fuel. Hickories, even 

 when very young, do not well bear transplanting, C. amara perhaps 

 excepted. C. alba and C. glabra would be particularly desirable 

 for the sake of their timber, and C. oliviformis on account of its 

 fruit. The bark of all the hickories contains yellow dye-principles ; 

 by the addition of copperas an olive color is produced ; by the 

 addition of alum, a green color. Hickory stems are known to attain 

 12 feet in girth. 



Carya sulcata, Nuttall.* 



The Furrowed Hickory and the Shellbark-Hickory of some dis- 

 tricts ; also one of the Shagbark-Hickories. North- Am erica, in 

 the Eastern States. A tree, to 80 feet high in damp woods. Its 

 rate of growth is about 18 inches in a year, while young. Heart- 

 wood pale-colored. Seed of sweet pleasant taste. Wood similar 

 to that of C. alba, but paler. The tree is still hardy in Christiania. 



