100 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



to exposure, for shelter-plantation and for speedy supply of fuel, 

 a remark which applies to the following species also. Much liked 

 for food by dromedaries [Sir Th. Elder]. 



Casuarina quadrivalvis, La Billiardiere 



The Coast- Sheoak of South-Eastern Australia. Not living merely 

 in coast-sand, but also on other barren places, reaching the inland - 

 hills. Attains a height of 60 feet. The foliage of this species is 

 drooping. The male tree is very eligible for avenues, but the female 

 less slightly. Cattle are fond of the foliage; indeed it is a "stay-by" 

 to all kinds of stock in drought, branches then being lopped from 

 the trees for feed. For arresting the ingress of coast-sand b}^ belts 

 of timber this is one of the most important trees. It produces seed 

 early and copiously like other Casuarinas, and is easily raised. 

 Weight of a cubic foot of dry wood from 58'3 to 64'3 [JR/ummel]. 

 The foliage, like that of the other species, is acidulous from a crystal - 

 lisable substance allied to bicitrate of lime. The chewing of it 

 allays thirst. 



Casuarina suberosa, Willdeuow. 



The erect-branched Sheoak of South-Eastern Australia. Height 

 reaching 40 feet. A beautiful shady species. Casuarina trichodoii 

 (Miq.) and C. Huegeliana (Miq.) are aboreous species of South- 

 western Australia, valuable for their wood. 



Casuarina torulosa, Aiton. 



New South Wales and Queensland. Attains a height of 70 feet. 

 The tough wood of this handsome tree is in demand for durable 

 shingles and furniture- work, as well as for staves and veneers ; it is 

 also one of the best for oven-fuel. 



Southern States of ISTorth- America, extending to Illinois. A tree 

 of rapid growth in warm humid climates, attaining a height of about 

 20 feet in four years. Professor Meehan observed the stem to attain 

 a diameter of 4 feet in twenty years, even in the latitude of New 

 York. Rate of growth in the clime of Nebraska, as recorded by 

 Governor Furnas, considerably less. In many parts of the United 

 States it is a favorite tree for shade-lines. When closely planted it 

 will grow tall and straight, with a stem fully 50 feet to the first 

 branch. It prefers bottom-lands, but will succeed in almost any soil 

 and position, according to Mr. Barney. It is hardier than most 

 Eucalypts, but will not stand severe frosts. According to Professor 

 Burrill, it is not liable to be destroyed by insects ; bears seeds when 

 quite young. Professor Meehan considers the wood to be as durable 

 as that of the best Chesnut-trees ; indeed it lasts for an almost in- 

 definite period. General Harrison insists, that there is nothing like it 

 for posts. Catalpa-pickets of the old French stockade are still sound. 

 Logs thrown across water-courses for crossing have lasted for three 



