108 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



would indicate. The hardiest of all palms ; has stood 3 F. with 

 only a slight litter [Count de Saporta]. Hardy in the mild middle 

 coast-regions of England. Cordage prepared from the leaves does 

 not decay in water [Dupont]. Hate of growth while young at 

 Melbourne about 1 foot a year. The hairy covering of the stem 

 of this palm and of Livistona Chinensis is utilised for fixing lime- 

 plaster to buildings in Japan [Christie]. C. Fortunei (Hooker), 

 the Chusan-palm from North-China, is a variety or closely allied 

 species. It attains a height of about 30 feet, and endures con- 

 siderable frost. The leaves can be employed for plaiting palm-hats, 

 the fibrous leaf-sheaths for making brushes, brooms and cordage. 

 Other hardy palms might be naturalised and used for various pur- 

 poses here, irrespective of their ornamental features. 



Chamaerops humilis, Linne. 



The Dwarf Fan-Palm of South-Europe, North Africa and the 

 most south-western parts of Asia. Growth satisfactory up to 44 

 N. Height to 20 feet. It is very ornamental for gardens and 

 plantations, and particularly eligible for scenic effect. Hats, mats, 

 baskets, fans and brushes are made from the leaves. 



Chamaerops Khasyana, Griffith. (Trachycarpus Khasyanus, H. Wend- 

 land.) 



In the Himalayas, at elevations of from 4,000 to 8,000 feet, also 

 according to Kurz in dry pine-forests of Martaban and Ava. 



Chamaerops BXartiana, Wallich. (Trachycarpus Martianus, H. Wend- 

 land). 



Ascends the mountains of Nepal to 8,000 feet. This Fan-palm 

 attains a height of 50 feet, and is altogether a noble object. 

 Beaches higher altitudes in the Himalayas than any other species, 

 indeed where snow occurs or covers the soil four or five months 

 during the year. 



Chamaerops Ritchieana, Griffith. (Nannorhops RUchieana, H. Wend- 

 land.) 



Arid mountains of Afghanistan to 34 N. Seemingly the only 

 native palm there. Extensively used for cordage ; leaves also made 

 into baskets and mats ; fruit locally used like dates [Atkinson]. 

 Has proved hardy even in England. Even young plants did not 

 suffer at a temperature of 17 F. in Florence [Dr. Beccaril. 



Chelidonium majus, Fuchs. 



The Celandine. Europe and Western Asia, wild to latitude 63 

 N. in Norway. A perennial herb of medicinal value. Chemical 

 principles : chelerythrin and chelidonin ; also a yellow pigment, 

 chelidoxanthin. 



