112 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Cichorium Endivia, Linne. 



South-Europe, North- Africa, Orient, Middle Asia. A biennial 

 plant, used already in ancient times as a culinary vegetable. In 

 Norway it grows to lat. 70 (Schuebeler.) Boissier regards it as 

 culturally arisen from the annual C. divaricatum [Schousbye] of 

 the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The inner leaves are bleached 

 for an early vegetable in the season by tying the outer leaves 

 together [Vilmorin.] Matures seeds, fit to germinate, even in the 

 hottest desert-regions of Central Australia. 



Cichorium Intybus. Linne. 



Chicory. A well-known perennial plant, indigenous to Europe, 

 Northern-Africa and South-Western Asia, extending to North- 

 Western India, where it ascends to 11,000 feet [Dr. Aitchison]. 

 The roots much used as a substitute for coffee ; 5,000 tons of 

 Chicory valued at 68,000 were imported into the United King- 

 dom in 1884. This plant requires a rich deep loamy soil, but fresh 

 manure is detrimental to the value of the root. It is also a good 

 fodder-plant, especially for sheep, and can be kept growing for 

 several years, if cut always before flowering. The root can be 

 dressed and boiled for culinary purposes ; the leaves are useful for 

 salad, particularly when the plants are removed to dark warm 



F laces for bleaching [Kuehnel] ; seeds will keep for several years 

 Vilmorin] ; medicinal use can be made also of the fresh root. 

 Indigenous in Norway to lat. 63 30' [Schuebeler]. 



Cimicifug-a racemosa, Elliott. 



The "Black Snake-Root" and also "Cohosh" of North-America. 

 A perennial herb of medicinal value, the root possessing emetic 

 properties. 



Cinchona Calisaya, Ruiz and Pavon.* 



Andes of Peru, New Granada, Brazil and Bolivia, 5,000 to 6,000 

 feet above the ocean. This tree attains a height of 40 feet ; it 

 yields the Yellow bark and also part of the Crown-bark. It is the 

 richest yielder of quinin, and also produces cinchonidin, but little 

 of other alkaloids. The most valuable species in Bengal, braving 

 occasional night-frost. This has flowered at Berwick (Victoria) 

 already ten years ago under the care of Mr. Gr. W. Robinson, from 

 plants supplied by the author, therefore as far south as Port Phillip ; 

 there also good seeds matured. It grows under conditions more 

 limited than those of C. succirubra, nor is it so easily propagated. 

 All of its varieties do not furnish bark of equal value. The Santa 

 Fe variety ascends the Andes of New Grranada 10,000 feet, and 

 produces the highly valuable soft Columbia-bark. The variety 

 Ledgeriana comes from Brazil, south-east of Lake Titicaca. Its 

 bark yielded in Java 11 to 12 per cent, of quinin. An analysis by 

 Mr. W. E. Matthews, made of bark from C. calisaya trees, grown 

 at Berwick, near Port Phillip, gave about 6J per cent, alkaloids, 

 2.67 being quinine. 



