Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 113 



The renewed bark, obtained by covering the stem, where the 

 bark has been removed, with moss or matting, according to Mr. 

 Mclvor's method, realised double the ordinary market-price, and in 

 C. succir libra even more [ Woodhouse] . Young Cinchona-plants 

 are subject to the attacks of Helopeltis Antonii, which insect preys 

 also on the Tea-bush in India. 



Cinchona cordifolia, Mutis.* 



Peru and New Granada, on the Andes at between 6,000 and 8,000 

 feet elevation, and according to Mr. Willis Weaver at Bogota (pro- 

 bably under the shelter of forests) up to the frosty region of 9,500 

 feet. Provides the hard Cartagena-bark or West Pitaya-bark, one 

 extremely rich in alkaloids. It is a species of robust constitution, 

 grows with rapidity and vigor. The thickest bark is obtained in 

 the highest altitudes, which are often involved in misty humidity 

 by passing clouds [Cross], 



Cinchona micrantha, Kuiz and Pavon. 



Cordilleras of Bolivia and Peru. This tree attains a height of 

 60 feet, and from it part of the Grey and Huanuco-bark as well as 

 Lima-bark are obtained. It is comparatively rich in cinchonin and 

 quinidin, contains however also quinin. 



Cinchona nitida, Ruiz and Pavon. . 



Andes of Peru and Ecuador. This tree rises to 80 feet under 

 favorable circumstances. It also yields Grey bark and Huanuco- 

 bark. besides Loxa-bark. It will probably prove one of the hardiest 

 species. It contains predominantly cinchonin and quinidin. 



Cinchona Officinalis. Linne (partly).* (Cinchona Condaminea, Hum- 

 boldt.) 



Andes of New Granada, Ecuador and Peru, at a height of 6,000 

 to 10,000 feet. Yields Crown or Brown Peru-bark, besides part of 

 the Loxa-bark. Comparatively rich in quinin and cinchonidin. 

 The temperature of the middle regions of the Andes, where this 

 tree grows, is almost the same as that of the Canary-Islands. 

 Superabundance of moisture is particularly pernicious to this 

 species. The hardiest of all cultivated kinds. The Crispilla 

 variety endures a temperature occasionally as low as 27 F. 



Cinchona lancifolia (Mutis) is considered by Weddell a variety 

 of C. officinalis. This grows where the mean annual tempera- 

 ture *is that of Rome, with however less extremes of heat and 

 cold. It yields part of the Pitaya-bark. 



(Jinchona Pitayensis must also be referred to C. officinalis as a 

 variety. This attains a height of 60 feet and furnishes also a 

 portion of the Pitaya-bark. It is this particular cinchona, 

 which in LTpper India yielded in some instances the very large 



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