116 ,>$ elect 'Plants for .Industrial Culture and 



is the most valuable Cinchona in the elevations of Sikkim. In the 

 Neilgherries more than 600,000 Cinchona-plants were distributed 

 from the Government -plantations in 1879, and 1,322 Ibs. of seed 

 [Barlow] ; from 80,000 to 250,000 seedlings being obtainable from 

 one pound of sound seed, as almost every grain will grow. All its 

 varieties produce bark of great value. The total amount of 

 alkaloids is at an average of 4 per cent. If the trees were cut 



, every seven or eight years and simultaneous re-planting should 

 take place, .Dr. King could keep up an annual supply of 366,000 

 Ibs. of bark merely from the plantations under his control. In 

 1883 there were as many as 128 millions of plants under cultiva- 

 tion in British India, of which 22 millions were two years old. The 

 importations of Cinchona-bark into the United Kingdom in 1884 



i amounted to 106,000 cwt., of the value of 907,000 ; in 1882 the 

 quantity was 139,000 cwt. and the cost 1,781,000. In 1886 it 

 came to 145.367 cwt. Now much bark is locally treated in India 

 for the extraction of the alkaloids. The total number of deaths 

 of the Indian population from fever was considered to approach a 

 million arid a half annually before Cinchona-culture was introduced. 



Cinna arundinacea, Limit'. 



North-America. There recorded as a good fodder-grass ; peren- 

 nial, somewhat sweet-scented. Particularly adapted for forest- 

 meadows. Blyttia suaveolens (Fries) is according to Dr. Asa Gray 

 a variety with pendent flowers. 



Cinnamomum Camphora. Fr. Nees. 



The Camphor-tree of China and Japan, north to Kinsin, attaining 

 ; a height of about 40 feet. It endures the occasional frosts of a 

 clime like that of Port Phillip, though the foliage will suffer. It 

 likes light damp soil. The wood, like all other parts of the tree, is 

 pervaded by camphor, hence resists the attacks of insects. The 

 well-known camphor is obtained by distilling or boiling the chopped 

 wood or root ; the subsequently condensed camphoric mass is 

 subjected to a purifying sublimation-process. 



Cinnamomum Cassia, Blume. 



Southern China. This tree produces the Chinese cinnamon or 

 the so-called Cassia lignea. Hardy at Maritzburg, Natal [J. M. 

 Wood]. Sir Joseph Hooker found on the Khasya-mountains up to 

 6,000 feet three cinnamons producing similar bark namely: C. 

 obtusifolium, C. pauciflorum and C. Tamala (Nees), the latter 

 species extending to Queensland. Dr. Thwaites notes the true 

 Cinnamon-tree (C. Zeilanicum, Breyn) even up to 8,000 feet in 

 Ceylon, but the most aromatic bark comes from lower altitudes. 

 Cinnamon-leaves yield a fragrant oil, and the root gives a sort of 

 camphor. Mr. Ch. Ford has ascertained, that the Chinese cut 

 Cinnamomum Cassia when six years old, the time chosen being 

 from March to May, after which season the bark loses much of its 



