Naturalisation i<i Extra- Tropical Countries. 117 



aroma. The plant is cut to near the root. The bark on distillation 

 affords the Cassia-oil, 1 cvvt. of bark yielding nearly 1 Ib. of oil, 

 which is much in use for confectionery and culinary purposes and 

 the preparation of scented soaps. Oil can also be obtained from 

 the foliage. C. Zeilanicuni (Breyn), the true Cinnamon-tree of 

 Ceylon developes perfectly in East-Australia to rather beyond the 

 tropic, indeed as far south as Moreton-Bay. 



Cinnamomum Xioureiroi, Nees. 



Cochin-China and nearest regions, also perhaps Japan. . A middle- 

 sized tree. The leaves locally in use as a condiment and for per- 

 fumery. 



Cistus Creticus, Linne. 



Countries on the Mediterranean Sea, particularly the eastern. 

 This shrub, with C. Cyprius (Lamarck), furnishes the best ladaimm- 

 resin. Other species yield a less fragrant produce. 



Citrus Aurantium, Linne. * 



The Orange-tree (in the widest sense of the word). A native of 

 South-Eastern Asia. A plant of longevity ; thus a tree at Versailles, 

 known as the " Grand Bourbon," is still in existence, though planted, 

 in 1421; and very much older still are Citrus-trees at Cordova, and yet 

 bearing, Even under glass at Hampton-Court are trees ovor 300 

 years old. Stems of very good Orange-trees have gained such a 

 size, as to require two men to clasp them. If intervening spaces 

 exist in orangeries, they might be used for raising herbaceous 

 honey-plants. Any specific differences, to distinguish C. Aurantium 

 from C. Medica, if they once existed, are obliterated now through 

 hybridisation, at least in the cultivated forms. In Central India a 

 peculiar variety is under culture, producing two crops a year ; the 

 blossoms of February and March yield their ripe fruit in November 

 and December, whereas from the flowers of July mature fruits are 

 obtained in March and April. To prevent exhaustion only alternate 

 fruiting is allowed. Nearly 5 million bushels of oranges and lemons, 

 representing a value of 1,782,000, were imported into the United 

 Kingdom during 1884. During 1886 it was 4,388,291 bushels, 

 valued at 1,488,341. The seeds of Oranges, with other easily 

 germinating seeds, should during exploring expeditions through 

 mild countries be disseminated. Quick steam-navigation renders 

 it now possible, to provide when carefully packed for the Euro- 

 pean and North- American market fresh Oranges and many other 

 kinds of orchard-fruits from Australia, South- America and South- 

 Africa during the improvided season of the northern hemisphere. At 

 Port Jackson a tree of the Mandarin- orange bore 4,000 fruits in a 

 season [Haldane]. It is not unusual for orange-trees to continue 

 in full bearing for 60 or 70 years, and after that the wood is still 

 valued for its durability, fragrance and beauty. Should over- 



