118 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



production anywhere take place, a wine can be prepared from the 

 juice of peeled oranges, which proved of remarkable strength. 

 The Sorrento-honey derives its delicious perfume from orange- 

 flowers, and it has become classical as the best and analogous to 

 that of Hymethus [Laura Redden]. For detail-information on 

 these kinds of plants should be consulted the important recent 

 work of Dr. Bonavia, " The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons of 

 India," with an illustrative atlas. Orange-trees are in the United 

 States frequently attacked by the highly injurious Australian 

 Icerya Purchasii. Its ravages can to some extent be checked 

 by the Lestophanus Iceryae, a parasitic fly, also by the Vedalia 

 cardinalis, one of the so-called lady-bird beetles, which in New 

 Zealand keep down, perhaps with allied species, the Icerya. 

 They have therefore been introduced from Australia into America 

 by Mr. Koebele, an emissary of Professor Biley of the Entomo- 

 logic Department of Washington, first attention having been 

 drawn to this antagonism by Mr. Crawford of Adelaide. Mr. 

 Charles French, the Government Entomologist of Victoria, has in 

 his new departmental work described and illustrated these insects. 

 Some varieties are excellent for hedges, for which they are much 

 used in Japan. Burnt earth is valuable as an admixture to soil 

 in orangeries. On the high authority of Dr. Piesse it may be 

 stated, that recently rather more than 1J million pounds weight 

 of orange-flowers were gathered annually for perfumery-purposes 

 merely at Nice and Cannes. As prominent varieties of C. Auran- 

 tium the following may be distinguished : 



Citrus Bergamium, Risso. From the fruit-rind of this variety 

 Bergamotte-oil is obtained ; the flowers also yield oil. The 

 Mellarosa-variety furnishes a superior oil and exquisite 

 confitures. 



Citrus Bigaradia, Duhamel. The Bitter Orange. This furnishes 

 from its flowers the Neroli-oil, so delicious and costly as a 

 perfume. It is stated, that orange-flowers to the value of 50 

 might be gathered from the plants of an acre within a year. 

 The rind of the fruit is used for candied orange-peel and 

 marmalade. Bitter principle : hesperidin in the rind, limonin 

 in the seeds. The Bigarade furnishes the most valuable of 

 any stock for orange-grafting in South- Africa, according to 

 Prof. McOwan. 



Citrus decumana, Linne. The Shaddock or Pompelmos. The 

 fruit will exceptionally attain a weight of 20 pounds. The 

 pulp and thick rind can both be used for preserves. 



Citrus dulcis, Volkamer. The Sweet Orange, of which many 

 kinds occur. The St. Michael Orange has been known to bear 

 in the Azores on sheltered places 20,000 fruits on one tree in 



