Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 145 



material for the superior mats made of it in Bengal. The fresh 

 stems are slit longitudinally into three or four pieces, each of which 

 cm-Is round while drying, arid can then be worked into durable and 

 elegant mats. In China it is cultivated like rice, but in brackish 

 ground only, where narrow channels will allow the water to flow in 

 and out with the rising and receding tide [Hance and Dilthey]. 

 Consul W. M. Cooper reports, that in 1878 about 15 millions of 

 Ningpo-hats were exported, nearly as many in 1887. In making 

 these hats the stems are used whole. 



Cyperus textilis, Thunberg. (Cyperus vaginatus, R. Brown.) 



Widely dispersed over the Australian continent, also occurring 

 in Southern Africa. It is restricted to swampy localities, and thus 

 is not likely to stray into ordinary fields. In the colony of Victoria 

 it is one of the best indigenous fibre-plants, and it is likewise 

 valuable as being with ease converted into pulp for good writing- 

 paper, as shown by the author many years ago. Its perennial 

 growth allows of regular annual cutting. The natives on the 

 Murray -River use this as well as Carex tereticaulis (F. v. M.) 

 for nets. 



Cytisus prolifereus, Linne til. 



Canary-Islands. The u Tagasaste." A fodder-shrub for light 

 dry soil : finally tall, rather intolerant to frost and drought [Dyer] . 

 Valuable also for apiarists. In some places it was found, that 

 horses and cattle dislike this plant as nutriment. It grows quickly 

 again when cut. 



Cytisus scoparius, Link. (Spartium scoparium, Linne.) 



The Broom-Bush. Europe, North- Asia ; wild in Norway to 58^ 

 N. Of less significance as a broom-plant than as one of medicinal 

 value. It can also be used for tanning purposes. Most valuable 

 for arresting drift-sand. Easily raised from seeds. A yellow dye 

 (scoparin) is obtainable from this shrub. The liquid alkaloid 

 sparteina is a prompt cardial tonic [Prof. Bartholow]. 



Cytisus spinosus, Lamarck* 



Countries around the Mediterranean Sea. This bush forms a 

 strong prickly garden-hedge, handsome when closely clipped [W. 

 Elliott]. 



Dacrydium Colensoi, Hooker. 



New Zealand. A beautiful tree, growing to 50 feet in height 

 and producing hard and incorruptible timber. Chiefly eligible for 

 cool humid forest-regions. 



