Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 173 



very extensively used by carpenters for all kinds of out-door work, 

 joists and studs of wooden houses ; also for fence-rails, telegraph- 

 poles, railway-sleepers (lasting nine years or more), for shafts and 

 spokes of drays and a variety of other purposes. Mr. W. Tait, of 

 Oporto, has recommended the wood for wine-casks, these requiring 

 no soaking. The price of this timber in Melbourne is about Is. 7d. 

 per cubic foot, the weight of the latter when absolutely dry being 

 from 43 to 46 Ibs., equal to specific gravity O698-O889 [F. v. M. 

 and Hummel]. In South-Europe the E. globulus has withstood a 

 temperature of 19 F., but succumbed at 17 F.; it perished from 

 frost at the Black Sea and Turkestan, when young, according to 

 Dr. Hegel. Survived severe winters in mild sheltered places of 

 Cornwall and Dorsetshire, also near Hastings [J. Colebrook], Yet 

 the sirocco does not destroy it. In Jamaica it attained 60 feet in 

 seven years, on the hills ; in California it grew 60 feet in eleven 

 years, in Florida 40 feet in four years, with a stem of 1 foot in 

 diameter. In some parts of India its growth has been even more 

 rapid ; at the Nilgiri-Hills it has been reared advantageously, where 

 E. marginata, E. obliqua, E. robusta and E. calophylla had failed. 

 Its growth was there found to be four times as fast as that of teak, 

 and the wood proved for many purposes as valuable. Trees attained 

 a height of 30 feet in four years ; one tree, twelve years old, was 100 

 feet high, and 6 feet in girth at 3 feet from the ground ; to thrive well 

 there it wants an elevation of not less than 4,000 feet. It has suc- 

 ceeded particularly well at an elevation of from 2,500 to 7,000 feet 

 in Central Mexico [Dr. Mariano Barcena.] In Algeria and Portugal 

 it has furnished railway-sleepers in eight years, and telegraph-poles 

 in ten years [Cruikshank], At Urana it grew^ 15 feet in two years 

 with irrigation [E. van Weeiian]. On the mountains at Guatemala 

 it attained, in twelve years a height of 120 feet and a stem-circum- 

 ference of 9 feet [Boucard. ] Will grow in favorable places on 

 somewhat humid soil slightly over a foot a month at Port Phillip 

 while young. The form of its leaves is only changed in the third 

 year. The removal of the broad-leaved lower branches from 

 plants two or three years old promotes much a healthy growth of 

 the young trees The oil is now also in Algeria distilled on a large 

 scale from the foliage for medicinal and technic purposes [Schimmel] 

 and comes now into commerce also from the Neilgherry-Hills [S. 

 G. Wallace]. According to the Rev. D. Landsborough, it proved 

 hardy in the Isle of Arran. Mr. Ch. Traill notes it as thriving 

 amazingly as far south as Stewart-Island. For window- culture in 

 cold countries E. globulus was first recommended by Ucke ; for cul- 

 ture in hospital-wards, to counteract contagia, by Mosler and Goeze. 

 Eucalyptus leaves generate ozone largely for the purification of 

 air ; the volatile oil is very antiseptic. This tree, particularly 

 when in an unhealthy state, IB at Melbourne apt to be bored by 

 the"larvae of a large moth [Endoxyla Eucalypti] and also by two 

 beetles [Hapatesus hirtus and particularly Phoracantha tricuspis], 

 as noticed by Mr. Ch. French. Seeds will keep for several years, 

 admit of easy transmission abroad, and germinate quickly ; but a 



