Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 177 



ridges not readily available for ordinary husbandry.; The wood is 

 sometimes pale, in other localities rather dark. The tree is 

 generally restricted to the lower Silurian sandstone- and slate- 

 formation with ironstone and quartz. Nevertheless, it accom- 

 modates itself to various geologic formations, thus even to lime- 

 stone-ground. The bark is remarkably rich in kino-tannin, 

 yielding as much as 22 per cent, in the fresh state, but much less 

 after drying ; the fresh leaves contain about 5 per cent, and the 

 dried leaves 9 to 10 per cent. This kino-tannin is not equal in 

 value to mimosa-tannic acid from Acacia-bark, but it is useful as a 

 subsidiary admixture, when light-coloured leather is not aimed at. 

 As an astringent drug this kino is not without importance. Mr. 

 Maiden found it to contain 42 per cent, tannin. The flowers are 

 sought by bees, even more eagerly than those of most other 

 Eucalypts, the resulting honey being excellent [Coleman]. 

 E. Leucoxylon has, next to E. rostrata, thriven best about Lucknow, 

 in India, among the species, tried there for forest-culture. E. 

 Sideroxylon is a synonym, referring particularly to the rough- 

 barked variety. For quickly withdrawing the sap from freshly 

 felled timber in Switzerland the Rieser-process was invented; 

 it consists in the wood being at once steamed and then kiln-dried, 

 losses in timber through cracking or deterioration through warping* 

 being- thus avoided. Mr. R. A. Robertson, in Victoria, has availed 

 himself already of the patent. Eucalyptus -wood can in this way 

 be used for casks, tools and other purposes far more advantageously, 

 and gets also better workable, though for underground applications 

 perhaps too much of the preservative principle may g'et removed. 



Eucalyptus longifolia, Link.* 



Extra-tropic Eastern Australia. A tree, known as the Woolly 

 Butt, under favorable circumstances reaching 200 feet in height, 

 the stem attaining a great girth. Mr. J. Reader asserts, that there 

 is not extant a more useful timber ; it stands well in any situation. 

 Weight of a cubic foot of absolutely dry wood about 68f Ibs., equal 

 to specific gravity 1107 [F. v. Mueller and Rummel]. The tree 

 thrives well at the city of Algiers [Prof. Bourlier]. 



Eucalyptus loxophleba, Bentliam.* 



The York- Gum tree of extra-tropic West- Australia. Attains a 

 height of about 100 feet, the stem a diameter of four feet. The 

 wood is very tough, and preferably sought in West-Australia for 

 naves and felloes. Even when dry it is heavier than water. This 

 species passes into the earlier known E. fcecunda (Endlicher). 



Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, F. v. Mueller.* 



The common Stringybark-tree of Victoria, not extending far into 

 New South Wales. This tree attains a height of 120 feet, and is 

 generally found growing on sterile ridges ; to some degree frost- 

 bearing. The wood, which contains a good deal of kino is used for 



