178 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



joists, keels of boats, fence-rails and rough building-purposes, also 

 extensively for fuel. The fibrous dark-brown bark serves for roofs 

 of huts and also for rough tying. The wood proved in our experi- 

 ments here nearly as strong as that of E. globulus and E. rostrata, 

 and considerably stronger than that of E. obliqua. The fresh bark 

 contains from 11 to 14 per cent, of pure kino-tannic acid [F. v. M. 

 and Hummel]. The kino contains about 72 per cent, of tannin. 

 It is soluble in water as well as in alcohol [Maiden]. 



Eucalyptus, maculata, Hooker.* 



The Spotted Ghimtree of New South Wales and Queensland. A 

 tree, reaching 150 feet in height. Grows best on stony ridges. 

 The kino of this species is quite resinous, so much so, that articles 

 varnished with it withstand the application of watery fluids [A. R. 

 Crawford]. The wood is principally employed in ship-building, 

 wheelwrights' and coopers' work. The heart-wood is as strong as 

 that of British oak [Rev. Dr. Woolls]. Average specific gravity, 

 when well-seasoned 0'942 [Clem. Hodgkinson]. Content with poor 

 soil, but more susceptible to frost than many other congeners 

 [Naudin]. Thrive^ well 011 the mountains of Ceylon, and also at 

 Algiers, 



Eucalyptus marginata, Smith.* 



The Jarrah or Mahogany-tree of South- Western Australia, famed 

 for its indestructible wood, which is neither attacked by chelura, 

 nor teredo, nor termites, and therefore much sought for jetties and 

 other structures exposed to sea-water, also for any underground- 

 work, telegraph-poles, and largely expo'rted for rail-way-sleepers. 

 Vessels built of this timber have been enabled to do away with 

 copper-plating. For jetties the piles are used round, and they do 

 not split when rammed even into limestone or other hard founda- 

 tions, provided the timber is of the best hard kind [Walker and 

 Swan], The Government's Clerk of Works at Perth observed, 

 that he took up piles in 1877, which were driven for a whaling 

 jetty in 1834, and that the timber was perfectly sound, although 

 the place was swarming with teredo. At the jetty in Freemantle, 

 piles thirty years old and others one year old could scarcely be 

 distinguished. The durability of this timber seems largely 

 attributable to Kino-red, allied to phlobaphen, of which it contains 

 about 15 to 17 per cent. Of kino-tannin it contains 4 to 5 per 

 centJ Sir Fred. Abel traces the immunity of this timber against 

 boring animals to the peculiar acid principle, contained in this and 

 some allied woods. Timber of a close grain and a slightly oily 

 and resinous nature ; it works well, makes a fine finish, and is by 

 local ship-builders considered superior to either sal, teak or any 

 other wood, except perhaps English oak or live-oak. In West- 

 Australia it is much used for flooring, rafters, shingles ; also for 

 furniture, as it is easily worked, takes a good polish, and then looks 



