Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 201 



Festuca flava, F. v. Mueller. Poa flava, Gronovius ; Tricuspis sesleriodes, 

 Torrey ; Uralepis cuprea, Kunth.) 



The tall Redtop-Grass of the Eastern States of North- America. 

 A perennial sand-grass with wide panicles. F. scabrella is one of 

 the " Bunch-grasses " of Oregon and California. 



Festuca g-igrantea, Villars. 



Europe and Western Asia. A good perennial forest-grass. 



Festuca heterophylla, Lamarck. 



Europe and Western Asia. This perennial grass is best fitted 

 for cool forest-tracts. Recommended also among lawn-grasses. 

 This species is hardly distinct from F. ovina. It will bear a good 

 deal of drought, and thrives even on lowlying sandy clay and 

 moory soil. Suits best for intermixing with other grasses. 



Festuca Hookeriana, F. v. Mueller.* 



Alps of Australia and Tasmania. A tall perennial grass, 

 evidently nutritious, required to be tried for pasture-culture, and 

 perhaps destined to become a new meadow-grass of colder countries 

 also elsewhere. Stands mowing and depasturing well ; much liked 

 by cattle, horses and sheep [Th. Walton]. F. purpurascens (Banks) 

 is an allied species. 



Festuca litoralis, La Billardiere. 



Extra-tropical Australia and New Zealand. An important 

 strong perennial grass for binding drift-sand on sea-shores. 



Festuca IWEag-ellanica, Latuarck. 



Extra-tropic South-America. Ascending the Andes to 12,000 

 feet, and contributing much to the fattening pasturage there 

 [Hieronymus]. 



Festuca ovina, Linne. 



Sheep-Fescue. Europe, Northern and Middle Asia, North- 

 America ; found also in South- America and the Alps of Australia 

 and New Zealand. In Greenland it reaches to 79 N.L. This 

 species, like F. elatior, is obtainable with facility. F. duriuscula 

 and F. rubra (Linne) are varieties. A perennial grass, thriving on 

 widely different soils, even moory and sandy ; adapted also for 

 alpine and for coast-land ; but not equal in nutritive value to many 

 other pasture-grasses, though for poor, dry sheep-runs in cool 

 climes one of the best. It yields a good produce, maintains its 

 virtue, resists drought, and is also well adapted for lawns and 

 swards of parks. F. vaginata (Wildenow) is a form particularly 

 recommended by Wessely for sand-soil. Chemical analysis, made 

 very late in spring, gave the following results : Albumen T86, 



