Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 237 



remarkable for its almost whitish paleness In Norway it is in- 

 digenous to lat. 63 7', and in lat. 59 45' it attained still a height 

 of nearly 50 feet [Professor Schuebeler]. The berries are 

 deleterious. 



Xlex Cassine, Linne. 



Southern States of North- America. Hardy in England. A tea- 

 bush, to which also remarkable medicinal properties are ascribed. 

 Ilex opaca (Alton) attains a height of over 50 feet in Alabama. 



Ilex crenata, Thnnberg. 



Japan. The wood employed there for superior kinds of wood- 

 cuts. This shrub proved hardy in Holland (C. Koch). 



Ilex Integra, Thunberg. 



Japan. Bird-lime can be prepared from the bark of this and 

 several other hollies ; from this species at the rate of 10 per cent. 



Ilex Parag-uensis, St. Hilaire. 



The Mate. Uruguay, Paraguay and Southern Brazil. This 

 kind of Holly -bush, which attains finally the size of a small tree, 

 is inserted into this list rather as a stimulating medicinal plant 

 than as a substitute for the ordinary Tea-plant, although in its 

 native country it is very extensively used as such. From the 

 province of Parana alone more than 36 million pounds were 

 exported in 1871, besides 9 million pounds used for home-con- 

 sumption ; while in Rio Grande de Sul the local provincial con- 

 sumption is nearly four times as much, not counting large 

 quantities consumed by the aboriginal race. It is cheaper than 

 coffee or tea (about 5d. per lb.), but an individual there uses about 

 1 lb. per week. It has a pleasant aroma, can be taken with milk 

 and sugar, and is the favourite beverage in large portions of South- 

 America [Dr. Macedo Scares]. The leaves destined for the Mate 

 are slightly roasted. This plant was introduced as long ago as 

 1854 into the Melbourne Botanic Garden, where it thrives fairly 

 well. I. Dahoon (Walter) and I. dipyrena (Wallace) are used for 

 the same purpose, and probably other hollies may be found 

 occasionally fair substitutes. I. theezans (Martius) also yields in 

 Southern Brazil a kind of Mate. Chemical principles : coffein, 

 quina-acid and a peculiar tannic acid, which latter can be converted 

 into viridin-acid. 



Xlex verticillata, Gray. (Prinos verticillatus, Linne.) 



Eastern North -America. There the bark much used for 

 medicinal purposes, both externally and internally. 



