244 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Jugrlans clnerea, Linne.* 



The Butterimt-tree of Eastern North-America. About 50 feet 

 high ; stem-diameter to 4 feet. Growth of comparative celerity ; 

 admits of transplantation readily. Likes rocky places in rich 

 forests, but is also content with poor soil. Wood lighter than that 

 of the black walnut, durable and free from attacks of insects. It 

 is particularly sought for furniture, panels of coaches, corn-shovels, 

 wooden dishes and similar implements, as it is not heavy nor liable 

 to split. Splendid for select posts and rails needing durability ; it is 

 soft and therefore easily worked. This tree with J. nigra endures 

 even the severe frosts of St. Petersburg, where the Caryas can no 

 longer be maintained [Regel]. The kernel of the nut is more oily 

 than that of the ordinary walnut; taste similar to that of Brazil- 

 nuts. The leaves, bark and husk are of medicinal importance, and 

 so|are those of other species. The sap is saccharine [C. Koch]. 



Jugrlans cordiformis, Maximowicz. 



Japan. This species approaches in many respects J. Sieboldiana. 



Jugrlans Mandschurica, Maximowicz. 



Corea and Mandschuria. This Walnut is allied to J. cinerea of 

 North-America. Wood splendid for cabinet-work. The nuts 

 available as well for the table as for oil-factories. 



Jugrlans Californica, S. Watson. 



From California to New Mexico, along the course of streams in 

 rich moist soil. A handsome symmetrical tree of much utility, 

 attaining a height of 60 feet and a stem -diameter of 3 feet [Dr. 

 Gibbons], Hardy in Christiania still. 



Jugrlans nigra, Linne.* 



Black Walnut-tree. Eastern North- America. Attains a height 

 of 80 feet ; trunk grows to 6 feet in diameter ; fond of rich forest- 

 land. Quicker of growth than the European walnut-tree, but the 

 wood not so easily worked [Meehan]. Maximum rate of circum- 

 ferential stem -growth in Nebraska 4 feet at two feet from the 

 ground in 16 years [Furnas]. The tree will bear fruit after 10 

 years, giving, when of large size, 10 to 15 or even 20 bushels in a 

 season, realising as much as 4 shillings per bushel. The tree is 

 hardy still in Christiania, Norway. Wood most ornamental, 

 purplish-brown, turning dark with age, strong, tough, not liable to 

 warp nor to split ; not attacked by insects. Supplies three-fourths 

 of the material for hardwood-furniture in the United States 

 [Sargent], and fetches there the highest price. Wood stored for 

 many years is the best for gun-stocks, and used also for musical 

 instruments. For the sake of its compactness, durability, and its 

 susceptibility to high polish, it is much sought for elegant fur- 



