Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 245 



niture, stair-rails and other select purposes. Seeds more oily than 

 the European Walnut. The tree extends in a slightly altered 

 variety to Bolivia and Argentina. 



Jug-lans regia Linne.* 



The ordinary Walnut-tree of Europe, indigenous in Hungary 

 [Heuft'el] and Greece [Heldreich], extending from the Black Sea 

 to Beloochistan and Burmah, and seemingly also occurring in 

 North-China, preferentially in calcareous soil. It attains a height 

 of fully 100 feet, and lives many centuries. Professor Schuebeler 

 found it hardy in Norway to lat. 63 35 ', bearing fruit occasionally ; 

 in lat. 60 14 ' it attained still a height of nearly 50 feet and a 

 stem -circumference of 13 feet. An aged walnut-tree at Mentmore 

 had a circumference of 12 \ feet at 4 feet from the ground, its 

 branches spreading diametrically to about 100 feet [Masters]. 

 Wood light and tough, much sought for gun-stocks, the exterior of 

 pianofortes and the choicest furniture. The shells of the nut yield 

 a black pigment, the leaves serve also for dye-purposes, and have 

 come further into external medicinal use. Trees of select quality 

 of wood have been sold at enormous prices, being the most valuable 

 of Middle-Europe. To economize it, frequently it is cut up into 

 veneers. In some departments of France a rather large quantity 

 of oil is pressed from the nuts, which, besides serving as an article 

 of diet, is used for the preparation of fine colors. To obtain first- 

 class fruit, the trees are grafted in France [Michaux]. Bordeaux 

 alone exports about 65,000 cwt. of walnuts annually. An almost 

 huskless variety occurs in the north of China. Nuts for distant 

 transmission, to arrive in a fit state for germination, are best 

 packed quite fresh in casks between layers of dry moss. 



Jug-lans Sieboldiana, Maximowicz. 



Throughout Japan, where it forms a large tree. To this species 

 is ascribed, by Mr P. G. Bixford, a tree now much grown in 

 California ; the leaves are very large ; the nuts are produced 

 early, regularly and in abundance, from 15 to 20 often clustered 

 together, have a shell not so thick as that of the Black Walunt ; the 

 kernel is in taste like that of the Butternut, but less oily [R. J. 

 Turnbull ; L. Burbank]. 



Jug-lans stenocarpa, Maximowicz. 



From the Amoor- territory. Allied to J. Mandschurica. 



Juniper us Bermudiana, Hermann.* 



The Pencil-Cedar of Bermuda and Barbadoes. occurring also in 

 Jamaica (there up to 6,000 feet), the Bahamas and Antigua. This 

 species grows sometimes to 90 feet high, and furnishes a valuable 

 red durable wood, used for boat-building, furniture and particularly 

 pencils, also for hammer-shanks of pianofortes, on account of its 



