Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 261 



Xiithospermum cancscens, Lehmann. 



North- American Alkanet. This, as the vernacular name indi 

 cates, offers a dye-root. 



Xiithospermum hirtum, Lehmann. 



North-American Alkanna. A showy perennial herb ; the root 

 yields a red dye. 



Xiithospermum longiflorum, Sprengel. 



North- America. A red pigment can also be extracted from the 

 root of this species. 



Xiivistona Australia, Martins.* 



East-Australia. The only Palm-tree in Victoria, occurring in 

 East-Gippsland (in the latitude of Melbourne), and there attaining 

 a height of about 80 feet. It endures the winters of South-France 

 to 40 32' north lat. [Naudin]. The young leaves can be plaited 

 as a material for cabbage-tree hats. The seeds (of which about 

 200 are contained in one pound) retain their vitality far better than 

 those of the Australian Ptychospennas. This palm can be trans- 

 ferred from its native haunts to very long distances for growth, by 

 previously separating the main portion of the root from the soil, 

 and leaving the plant for some months on the original spot, so as 

 to remove it finally with new rootlets, retaining much soil. Some 

 of the Indian Livistonas may be equally hardy ; their stems often 

 tower above the other forest-trees. 



Xiivistona Chinensis- K. Brown. 



South-China and Japan. A very decorative Fan-palm, and one 

 of the hardiest of the whole order. In its native country, the 

 hairy stem-covering of this palm is used for fixing lime-plaster to 

 buildings [Christie]. 



Xiivistona Leichhardtii. F. v. Mueller. 



North- Australia. Under this name might be combined L. iner- 

 mis and L. humilis (R. Brown), neither name applying well to this 

 fina.lly tall palm with thorny leaf -stalks. The author of this work 

 as well as Dr. Leichhardt saw it far inland in dry open not moun- 

 tainous regions also ; nevertheless it may need a moister clime 

 than the following species. 



Xiivistona BXariae, F. v. Mueller. 



Central and West- Australia, barely within the tropics. This 

 noble Fan-palm attains 40 feet in height, and is likely to prove 

 more hardy than many others. Young foliage copper-colored. 



Xiolium perenne, Linn*'.* 



Europe, North- Africa, Western Asia. The perennial Bye-grass, 

 one of the best known of all utilitarian grasses. In Norway it 



