Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 303 



bear well 011 light soil. The fruit produced on limestone-formations 

 is of the best quality. Gypsum promotes the growth of the tree. 

 An equable temperature serves best ; hence exposure to prevailing 

 strong winds is to be avoided. The winter-temperature should 

 not fall below 19 F. The quantity of oil in the fruit varies from 

 10 to 20 per cent.; sometimes it even exceeds the latter proportion. 

 In Provence on an average 24 Ibs. of olive-oil are consumed by 

 each individual of the population annually ; in Andalusia, about 

 30 Ibs. G. Don mentions an aged tree near Gerecomio to have 

 provided olives for 240 quarts of oil in one year. For obtaining 

 the largest quantity of oil the fruit must be completely ripe. 

 Hand-picked olives give the purest oil. Knocking the fruit from 

 the branches with sticks injures the tree and lessens its productive- 

 ness the next year. No heat should be used in the extracting and 

 purifying of the oil. To preserve the oil well, it should not l?e 

 exposed to light. Spain alone produces about 250,000,000 Ibs. of 

 olive-oil a year. The imports of olive-oil into the United Kingdom 

 in 1884 amounted to 17,000 tons, valued at 715,000 ; in 1889 the 

 quantity was 22,882 tons, valued at 817,000. The import into 

 Victoria during 1887 was estimated at 10,919. 



The following notes are derived from the important " Tratado 

 del Cultivo del Olivo en Espana," by the Chev. Capt. Jose de 

 Hidalgo-Tablada (second edition, Madrid, 1870). 



SPANISH VAEIETIES. 

 A. Varieties of early maturation, for colder localities : 



1. Var. Pomiformis, Clem. 



Manzanillo. (French : Ampoulleau.) Fruit above an inch in 

 diameter, spherical, shining black. Putamen broad and truncate. 



2. Var. Regalis, Clem. 



Sevillano. (French: Pruneau de Catignac.) Fruit about an inch 

 in diameter, ovate-spherical, blunt, bluish-black. 



3. Var. Vellotudo or Villotuda. 



Fruit about an inch long, egg-shaped ; pericarp outside dark-red, 

 inside violet. 



4. Var. Bedondillo. 



Fruit ovate-spherical, nearly an inch long. Pericarp outside 

 bluish-black, inside whitish. A rich yielder. 



5. Var. Ovalis, Clem. 



Lechin, Pioholin, Acquillo. (French: Saurine.) Fruit broad- 

 oval, two-thirds of an inch long. A copious yielder. 



6. Var. Argentata, Clem. 



Nevadillo bianco ; Doncel ; Zorzalena ; Moradillo ; Ojiblanco ; 

 Ohyo lucio. Fruit broad-ovate, an inch long, very blunt, not 

 oblique. Quality and quantity of oil excellent. 



