Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 331 



Eastern Australia, somewhat outside the tropics [Edgar]. Lives 

 unprotected as far south as Port Jackson [C. Moore]. The seeds 

 have come into medicinal use at the instance of Dr. Froehling, 

 particularly through the efforts of Messrs. Parke and Davis, to 

 whom we mainly owe the recent introduction of many other 

 valuable new drugs into medicine. 



Persea Teneriffee, F. v. Mueller. (P. Indica, Sprengel.) 



Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands. This magnificent tree 

 produces a beautiful, hard, mahogany-like wood, especially sought 

 for superior furniture and turners' work. One of the most hardy 

 trees of the large order of Laurinse. 



Peucedanum graveolens, Benthain. (Anethum graveolens, Linne.) 



The "Dill." South-Europe, North- Africa, Orient. Annual. 

 The well-known aromatic f nutlets used as a condiment. In India 

 known as Sowa. Distilled dill-oil is in use also for scented soaps. 



Peucedanum officinale, Linne. 



The Sulphur-Root. Middle and Southern Europe, Northern 

 Africa, Middle Asia. Perennial. The root is used in veterinary 

 medicine ; it contains, like that of the following species, the 

 crystalline peucedanin. 



Peucedanum Ostruthium, Koch. (Imperatoria Ostruthium, Liune.) 



Mountains of Middle Europe. A perennial herb, which could be 

 grown in alpine regions. The acrid aromatic root is used in 

 medicine, particularly in veterinary practice ; required also for the 

 preparation of some kinds of Swiss Cheese. P - . Cervaria (Cusson) 

 and P. Oreoselinum (Moench) are also occasionally drawn into 

 medicinal use. 



Peucedanum sativum, Bentham.* (Pastinaca sativa, Linne.) 



The " Parsnip." Europe, Northern and Middle Asia. Biennial. 

 The root palatable and nutritious. The wild root is somewhat 

 acrid, and poisonous effects have occasionally resulted from its use. 

 A variety is cultivated in the Channel-Islands, with roots 3 or 4 

 feet long [Chambers]. A somewhat calcareous soil is favorable to 

 the best development of this plant. It is very hardy, having been 

 grown in Norway to lat. 70 22 7 ; it matured seeds as far north as 

 lat. 67 56' [Sclmebeler]. Ripens its seeds well, even in the hot 

 and dry Central-Australian regions [H. Kempe], where the Parsnip 

 yields crops throughout the year. The culture is that of the carrot ; 

 for fodder the root surpasses that of the latter in augmenting milk 

 [Langethal]. A decoction of parsnip -roots ferments with sugar 

 and yeast into a sparkling beverage, but requires casking for about 

 a year [Baudinet]. 



