346 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



white or reddish timber. Its cones are among the very largest, 

 measuring as much as 15-| inches in length [Sir J. Hooker]. Fur- 

 nishes a fragrant balsamic turpentine and resin, the latter used as 

 incense [0. Finck]. 



Pinus Balfouriana. Jeffrey. (P. aristata,, Engeliuann.) 



The " Foxtail- " or " Hickory- Pine." California to Colorado, up 

 to 12,000 feet elevation. Height reaching 100 feet ; trunk-diameter 

 to 5 feet. Wood close-grained, tough, very strong [Sargent]. 



Pinus balsamea, Linne. 



" Balsam-Fir," " Balm of Gilead-Fir/' Canada, Nova Scotia, 

 south to New England, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. An elegant 

 tree, to 40 feet high, which with Pinus Fraseri yields Canada-balsam 

 (Balsam of Firs), the well-known oleo-resin. The timber is light, 

 pale, soft and useful for furniture and implements. The wood is 

 also of very particular value for superior violins [Dr. B. TannaschJ. 

 Bate of circumferential stem-growth in Nebraska 26 inches at 

 2 feet from the ground in 12 years [Governor Furnas]. The tree 

 does not attain a very great age. Sends a pleasant odor through 

 the forest, regarded as salubrious, especially to phthisic patients, 

 a remark which applies to many other pines. It thrives best in 

 cold swampy places. Eligible foi alpine regions ; in Norway it is 

 hardy to lat. 63 26 '. 



Pinus bracteata, D. Don. 



Southern California up to 6,000 feet. A very handsome fir, 

 attaining about 150 feet in height, forming a slender, perfectly 

 straight stem, not more than two feet in diameter. A somewhat 

 older name is P. venusta (Douglas). The resin is used for incense. 

 The young shoots, according to Hemsley, injured by spring-frosts 

 in Britain. 



Pinus Brunoniana, Wallich. (P. dumosa, D. Don). 



Himalaya, descending to 8,000 and ascending to 10,500 feet. 

 This fir attains a height of about 120 feet, and the stem a circum- 

 ference of 28 feet [Sir J. D. Hooker]. Particularly eligible for 

 alpine tracts. The timber is pale and soft ; it does not stand 

 exposure well. 



Pinus Canadensis, Linne.* 



" Hemlock-Spruce." In Canada and over a great part of the 

 United States, on high mountains, as well as on undulating land. 

 A very ornamental fir, to about 100 feet high, with a pale coarse- 

 grained wood, remarkably durable when used for submerged water- 

 works ; also employed for railway-ties. According to A. Gray it 

 is one of the most graceful of spruces, with a light and spreading 

 spray. Schacht saw aged stems on which 440 wood-rings could be 



