348 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Deodars will endure, when not too young, an exceptional tempera- 

 ture of 118 F. in the shade [W. I. Winter], yet the tree also bears 

 the cold of Southern Norway. Rate of growth at Port Phillip, 

 40 to 50 feet height in 20 years. 



Pinus Cembra, Linn*'-* 



The Zirbel-Pine. On the European Alps, also in Siberia and 

 Tartary, extending to Kamtschatka, the Kuriles and Arctic 

 America ; reaches to 7,000 feet in the Swiss Alps, yet less hardy 

 than P. Laricio, although from high Alps ; it grows still to a height 

 of 60 feet at Christiania [Schuebeler]. Attains a height of about 

 120 feet, the stem gets fully 4 feet in diameter, but the growth is 

 slow. It likes humus-soil. The wood is of a yellow color, soft and 

 resinous, of an extremely fine texture, and is extensively used for 

 carving and cabinet-work. The seeds are edible, and when pressed 

 yield a great quantity of oil, as much as 47 per cent., according to 

 Schuppe. A particular turpentine is also obtained from this pine, 

 called Carpathian balsam. 



Pinus cembroides, Zuccarini.* (P. Llaveana, Schiede and Deppe.) 



Mexican Swamp-Pine. A small tree, to 30 feet high, growing at 

 elevations from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. The timber is not of much 

 use, but the seeds are edible and wholesome, and have a very agree- 

 able taste. 



Pinus Cilicica. Antoine and Kotschy. 



Cicilian Silver- Fir. Asia-Minor. 4,000 to 6,500 feet above sea- 

 level. A handsome tree of pyramidal growth, to 160 feet high. 

 Quite hardy in climes like that of Vienna. The wood is very soft, 

 and used extensively for the roofs of houses, as it does not warp. 



Pinus concolor, Engelmann. 



The great White Silver- Fir. North- Western America to Arizona 

 and New Mexico, at elevations of 8,000 to 9,000 feet. Nearest allied 

 to P. grandis. A fir, reaching 150 feet in height ; trunk to 4 feet 

 in diameter. The wood is tough, eligible for building-purposes 

 and other substantial work [Vasey]. It does not warp, shrinks 

 hardly at all, makes choice ceilings, and needs less paint than most 

 other timber [Kellogg]. Leaves whitish on both sides from abund- 

 ant stomata. 



Pinus contorta. Douglas.* (P. Murrayana, Balfour ; P. Bolanderi, Parla- 

 tore.) 



On high damp ranges in California, Oregon and British North- 

 Western America ; also abundant on the mountains of Colorado ; 

 very eligible for clothing rocky hill-sides [Meehan]. In California 

 this pine forms dense thickets along the coast, and is in this respect 

 as valuable as P. Laricio, P. Pinaster and P. Halepensis in Europe, 



