350 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



greatest diameter of the stem 14 feet. The largest trees to be 

 found in the coast-region. Locally of quicker growth than most 

 other pines there. Can be grown very closely, when the stems 

 will attain, according to Drs. Kellogg and Newberry. a height of 

 over 200 feet without a branch. A densely wooded forest will 

 contain about 36 full-grown trees to an acre. The timber is fine 

 and clear-grained, heavy, strong, soft, and hence easily worked, yet 

 firm and solid, splendid for masts and spars, ships' planks and 

 piles : also valuable for flooring, being for that purpose regarded as 

 the best of California [Bolander]. It will bear a tension of 3 to 1 

 as compared with the Sequoias. It is the strongest wood among 

 conifers on the North- Pacific coast, both in resisting horizontal 

 strain end perpendicular pressure. Sub-alpine localities should be 

 extensively planted with this famous tree. It requires deep and 

 rich soil, and likes shelter ; its growth is as rapid as that of the 

 larch ; it passes in various localities as Black and Red Spruce. 

 Both in clayey and light soil it attains 50 feet in about eighteen 

 years ; it requires however a moist forest-clime for rapid growth , 

 The bark is employed for tanning. 



Pinus edulis, Engelmann.* 



New Mexico. A pine, not tall, very resinous. Wood easily 

 split. One of the best for fuel [MeehanJ. It yields the '* Pino "- 

 nuts, which are produced in immense quantities, and are of very 

 pleasant flavor [Sargent]. So closely cognate to P. monophylla, 

 that Dr. Newberry and Prof. Meehan regard it as a mere variety. 



Pinus excelsa, Hamilton * 



The Lofty or Bhotan-Pine. Himalaya, forming large forests, at 

 from 5,000 to 12,500 feet elevation ; also in Macedonia and Monte- 

 negro. A fine tree, at length about 150 feet high, furnishing a 

 valuable, close-grained, soft and easily workable wood, which ranks 

 among Himalayan pine-woods for durability next to Deodar-timber 

 [Stewart and Brandis] ; the wood is highly recommended for 

 patterns in foundries, further for levelling-staves and cot-planks 

 [Watson]. This pine also furnishes a good quantity of turpentine. 

 Under cultivation it shrinks before a fierce summer-sun [Beecher] ; 

 but will bear the winter of Christiania [Schuebeler]. Cones often 

 15 inches long [Sir J. Hooker]. This tree produces seeds early 

 and copiously ; gets disseminated easily even on steep bare 

 declivities [Brandis]. 



Pinus firm a, Antoine. 



Japan, at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea-level in humid valleys, 

 A lofty tree of the habit of the Silver-Fir. Attains an age of 200 

 to 300 years, without any decay of the stem. The best timber 

 comes from the colder regions [Prof. Luerssen]. The wood is pale, 

 soft and fine-grained, employed particularly by local coopers arid 

 upholsterers. 



