Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 361 



the allied. P. Pinea to withstand an occasional shade-temperature 

 of 118 F. A tree, 60 to 70 years old, heavily tapped, yields 12 to 

 16 Ibs. of turpentine, equal to 4 Ibs. of resin, the rest being oil of 

 turpentine [Simmonds]. The tree comes into full flow of turpentine 

 at about 25 years, and the tapping process, if only a slight one, is 

 endured by this tree for an enormous length of time. Thus the 

 annual production of resin from a good tree fluctuates between 

 5 and 8 Ibs. The quantity of resin gathered in France during 1874 

 was about sixty million pounds [Crouzetter-Desnoyers]. The felling 

 of up-grown pines, planted with Avise foresight for antimalarian 

 and other hygienic purposes at places of centres of population, can 

 but be regarded as most reprehensible, when the simple reason of 

 such destructiou consists in replacing the pines by other perhaps 

 more fashionable but less sanitary trees. Under the shelter of a 

 wooden palisade near high- water mark on coast-sands the seeds of 

 the Cluster-Pine are sown along with those of the Lyme, Marram, 

 Furze and Broom-plant, the ground thus sown being covered with 

 brush-wood, to prevent the sand from moving. In France, north 

 of the Loire, the P. Pinaster is not reared, as there it will no longer 

 yield a rich supply of turpentine [Colonel Bailey in Indian 

 Forester XIII., 450]. 



Pinus Pinceana. Gordon. 



Mexico, up to 9,000 feet above the sea-level. A very remarkable 

 pine, frequently to 60 feet high, having drooping branches like the 

 Weeping Willow. Most desirable for cemeteries. 



Pinus Pindrow, Koyle. 



Himalayan mountains, 7,000 to 12,000 feet above the sea-level. 

 A fine, straight-stemmed fir, becoming 190 feet high ; cones purple. 

 Considered by Stewart and Brandis a variety of P. Webbiana. 



Pinus Finea, Linne.* 



Stone-Pine. Countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea; 

 extends to the Canary-Islands. Height of tree 80 feet ; top rather 

 flat. The wood is whitish, light, but full of resin, and much used 

 for furniture, naval architecture and general building purposes. 

 The seeds are edible, but of a resinous though not disagreeable 

 taste ; they should be left in the cones until they are about to be 

 used, as otherwise they speedily become rancid ; they only ripen in 

 their third year. This pine grows as easily and almost as quickly 

 as the Cluster-Pine. The bark contains much tan-principle. 



Pinus Pinsapo, Boissier. 



Spanish Fir. Spain and North- Africa, at from 3,000 to 6,000 

 feet elevation. A tree to 70 feet high, with branches from the 

 ground. The timber is similar to that of the Silver-Fir and resinous. 

 Thrives best 011 calcareous soil [Dr. Masters]. Proved the quickest 



